Today More classification and diversity of life starting

Today: • More classification and diversity of life –starting animals!

DOMAINS KINGDOMS Protista Eukarya Fungi Plantae Animalia Bacteria Archaea Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Naming organisms • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

ANIMALS What are their shared characteristics?

DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdom Animalia - Multicellular Made of animal cells (no cell walls) Heterotrophs (eat food) Use Oxygen to make ATP (energy) - Genes have introns

Which of the following is true about all animals? 1. They eat food 2. They make their own food 3. They are warm blooded 4. They have fur

Naming organisms • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Phyla in Kingdom Animalia NOTE: There almost 100 total phyla for the 6 kingdoms! There are ~38 animal phyla, but most species are found in the top 9 phyla

Phylum Porifera • Sponges • 5000 species worldwide! • Asexual reproduction

Cnidaria = stinging animals jellyfish, coral, and anemones

Cnidaria • Over 10, 000 species • No brain, have a simple nervous system • Have ONE opening that is the mouth and anus (sac-like digestive system) • Have tentacles and stinging cells (nematocyst)

Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa • Coral and sea anemone • Can asexually reproduce by budding or fragmentation

Phylum Cnidaria Class Scyphozoa • JELLYFISH • Made of 95 -98% water

Sexual reproduction = sperm and eggs Asexual reproduction

Phylum Cnidaria Class Cubozoa • • • BOX JELLIES Found in Australia and the Philippines Many species have venom that can kill! Has killed over 5000 people One of the most toxic venoms on the planet!

Which animal phylum contains sponges? A. B. C. D. Mollusca Porifera Cnidaria Annelida

Platyhelminthes=Flatworms • First to have organ systems (very simple) • Examples: planaria & tape worms • Planaria can do asexual reproduction (fragmentation)

Nematoda= round worms • Common roundworms, hookworms, and trichina • Around 12, 000 species

Annelida= ringed worms • Earthworms, other worms, leeches • Over 12, 000 species

Annelida • Bodies are segmented (divided into sections) • First phylum with a developed digestive system- mouth, “stomach”, and anus

Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta = marine worms

Which animal phylum is the first to have a complete digestive system? A. B. C. D. E. Mollusca Porifera Cnidaria Annelida Arthropoda

Mollusca Clams, mussels, snails, slugs, squid and octopus 112, 000 species of mollusks!

Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia • Oysters and clams

Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda

Chiton

Limpet

Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda • Architeuthis dux (giant squid) • Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni (colossal)

• Octopus vulgaris (common octopus) • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Pm. DTtk. Zl. Mw. M • http: //www. wimp. com/octopusmimic/ • http: //video. google. com/videoplay? docid=4007016107763801953&hl=en

Do all mollusks have shells? A. Yes B. No

Arthropoda = Crustaceans and insects

Arthropoda • Arthropoda– insects, spiders, crustaceans • Means jointed legs, have exoskeletons • Largest animal phylum, over 80% of all animals on planet are arthropods, over 1 million species • Some insects can reproduce without a male!

Arthropoda • Subphyla: Spiders, Millipedes and centipedes, Insects, and Crustaceans (shrimp, crabs, lobster, barnacles)

Echinodermataspiny skinned animals Sea star Sea cucumber Sea urchin

Echinoderms • Have tube feet (lots of suction cups to hold onto rocks, etc. ) • All live in the ocean • About 6000 species • Regeneration- asexual reproduction

Which is the largest animal phylum? A. B. C. D. E. Mollusca Porifera Cnidaria Annelida Arthropoda

Do all animals reproduce sexually? A. Yes B. No

Chordata (vertebrates) = animals with backbones

Naming organisms • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Classes in Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata • Class Amphibia (amphibians) • Class Reptilia (reptiles) • Class Aves (birds) • Class Osteichthyes (bony fish) • Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish– sharks and rays) • Class Mammalia (mammals)

Which group of living things contains groups you learned in elementary school (reptiles, mammals, etc. )? A. B. C. D. Domain Kingdom Phylum Class

Amphibians (means two lives) • Skin must stay moist (breathe through it!) • Lay eggs in water • Babies develop in water and then later move to land

Reptiles • • Covered with scales Lay eggs on land Breathe with lungs Ectothermic (cold-blooded)- their internal body temp. depends on the outside temp!

Reptiles

Marine Iguana– only in the Galapagos!

Sea Turtles • Seven species worldwide – Loggerheads – Leatherbacks – Greens – Olive Ridley – Kemp’s Ridley – Hawksbill – Flatback

Leatherbacks Dermochelys coriacea

Greens Chelonia mydas

Hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata

Which phylum contains reptiles? A. B. C. D. E. Mollusca Reptilia Cnidaria Chordata Arthropoda

Class Aves = Birds • Covered with feathers • Lay hard eggs on land • Breathe with lungs

Class Osteichthyes = Bony fish • Most covered with scales • Breathe through gills • Have a hard internal skeleton

Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola) • Largest bony fish in the world– up to 11 ft and 5000 lbs • Eats jellyfish and other gelatinous zooplankton and sometimes very small fish • Can lay over 300 million eggs at a time (more than any known vertebrate)

Clown fish

Seahorse • Famous for being the only males that carry the babies

Which of the following is true about all osteichthyes? A. They have cartilaginous skeletons. B. They have teeth. C. They lay eggs. D. They have bony skeletons.

Class Chondrichthyes = Cartilaginous fish • Not normal scales • Breathe through gills • Have an internal skeleton made of cartilage

“Great” White Shark Carcharodon carcharias • White sharks have existed for 11 million years (immediate ancestors were around 60 million years ago!) • Up to 30 feet long, 2000 pounds, 3000 teeth

Whale Shark • Rhincodon typus • Largest living fish species – Biggest recorded was 42 feet (47, 000 lbs!), but some people claim to see up to 60 foot ones!

Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna zygaena Sphyrna lewini (scalloped hammerhead) - These ladies breed in Hawaiian waters

Tiger Shark • Galeocerdo cuvier • Grow to be 10 -14 feet long

Manta Ray or Giant Manta

Manta Ray or Giant Manta • Manta birostris • Largest of the ray species– up to 25 feet long and 3000 pounds!

Sting Ray

Which of the following is true about all chondrichthyes? A. B. C. D. They have teeth. They lay eggs. They breathe through gills. They have bony skeletons.

Mammals • • • 5000 species with 26 orders Breathe through lungs Have hair of some kind Almost all have live birth All produce milk for their young

Naming organisms • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Orders in Class Mammalia • Order Rodentia (rodents) • Order Carnivora (bears, lions, wolves) • Order Cetacea (whales and dolphins) • Order Primates (apes, gorillas, humans)

In what class are humans? A. B. C. D. Biology No class Primates Mammals

In what order are humans? A. B. C. D. Primates Mammals Hominidae None of the above

MAMMALS - Rodentia Rodent teeth

MAMMALS - Carnivora

MAMMALS - Cetacea

Orca Orsinus orca -Often called “killer whales” because of their violent eating habits -Largest dolphin MALE FEMALE

Bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus -Average length 6 -12 feet -Weigh up to 1400 lbs (usually smaller) -Live all over the world (except the poles)

Other dolphins Atlantic whitesided dolphin Striped dolphin Risso’s Pantropical dolphin

Toothed “true” Whales Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Sperm whales • Largest toothed animal alive (60 feet) • Moby Dick •

MAMMALS - Primates Bonobo Black Lemur Rhesus Monkey Orangutan Gorilla

Primates • 233 living species • Share many characteristics in the skull, limbs, and teeth

Family Hominidae • Includes humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans • All have: – opposable thumbs (only humans DON’T have opposable big toes!) – flattened nails and are ominivorous – no tail – large braincase – can walk upright or semi-upright • Humans are Homo sapiens

In what genus are humans? A. B. C. D. E. Primates Mammals Hominidae Homo sapiens