Today lecturediscussion on causes Take out HW 1

Today: lecture/discussion on causes. Take out HW #1 for reference Assignment #3: Causes of WWI

WWI – The Ultimate “Mean Girls” War or The final show-down of the Age of Nationalism

4 MAIN Causes of World War I – Built up for decades before 1914 All the countries of Europe built up their armies and navies. In 1914, their armed forces stood like this: • Germany: 2, 200, 000 soldiers, 97 warships • Austria-Hungary: 810, 000 soldiers, 28 warships. • Italy: 750, 000 soldiers, 36 warships • France: 1, 125, 000 soldiers, 62 warships • Russia: 1, 200, 000 soldiers, 30 warships • Great Britain: 711, 000 soldiers, 185 warships As each country increased their armies, all the others felt obliged to increase their armed forces and establish alliances to keep the ‘balance of power’. • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism Land of Hope and Glory, mother of the free. . . God who made thee mighty, will make thee mightier yet. The words of Land of Hope and Glory, English ballad sung by British people at the parades. Germany, Germany above all, over everything in the world, When it steadfastly holds together, offensively and defensively. The words of the German national anthem, Deutschland über Alles

The Short Run Cause: Crisis in the Austrian Empire Given the forces of Nationalism, why is the Austrian Empire ripe for a crisis?

Crisis in the Balkan “Powder Keg” Sparks War Balkans were home to various ethnic groups that had long standing conflicts and were not independent nations. They had been dominated by first the Ottoman then Austrian Empires. Heavily influenced by Russia because of Slavic heritage Various ethnic & religious groups wanted their own independent nations Yugoslavia: Serbians wanted “Kingdom of Southern Slav”

Serbia’s desire to get Austria out of Bosnia and create a “Yugoslavia” creates tensions: Russia (Serbia) vs. Austria-Hungary (Bosnia) Serbia was small independent republic (allied with Russia) that wanted to unite all slavs in the Balkans into one nation. Bosnia was an ethnically mixed region controlled by the Austro. Hungarian Empire (ally of Germany) that included many and Serbians

Balkan “Powder Keg” Explodes!! • Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary visits Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28 th, 1914. • He and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian nationalist https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=pzf 9 a. HZm. CAM (18 -23) • Austria-Hungary wants to punish Serbia

Alliance System (ironically meant to prevent war) Kicks in and quickly escalates events July 1914 Timeline

How did a local war turn into an all European War? Take notes and be able to describe the chain reaction https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=pzf 9 a. HZm. CAM(24 -32)

Who is to blame? Austria Kaiser Wilhelm Germany Britain Serbia France Russia Bismarck (Franco Prussian) The guy driving the car Military diplomat of Austria Franz Ferdinand Gavrilo Princip and Black Hand

SAQ Prep Activity BRAINSTORM EXAMPLES OF EVIDENCE YOU COULD USE TO ANSWER THE PROMPTS “the protagonists of 1914 were sleepwalkers, watchful but unseeing, haunted by dreams, yet blind to the reality of the horror they were about to bring into the world. ” ― Christopher Munro Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 1. Using the quote and your knowledge of European history, give a specific example of a nationalist “dream” or goal that contributed to the cause of WWI (Come up with examples from 2 -3 nations) 2. Explain the chain reaction that allowed Europe to “sleepwalk” into war.

Assignment #3: WWI Becomes a Stalemate Use back of your paper to answer the questions and take notes on military aspects of the war.

“Two-Front” War Develops between Allied & Central Powers: Gernany’s Schlieffen Plan

Why did the German army invade neutral Belgium and how did this influence public opinions about the war? Video Reflection #1 (3: 00 – 14: 00) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Gflb_j. SYTV 0 1914

Political Impacts of Attack on Neutral Belgium • German army accused of atrocities against Belgian civilians • Outraged over attack on neutral Belgium, England declares war on Germany (August 1914) • Italy later (1915) uses attack on Belgium as excuse to leave Triple Alliance & join Allies • Events in Belgium remembered for rest of war as seen in US propaganda (1917) on the right

Trench Warfare on Western Front

New military technologies of World War I

Why did a “stalemate” develop on the Western Front? Describe how soldiers on all sides faced their situation. Video Reflection #2 (40: 00 - 50: 00) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Gflb_j. SYTV 0

Describe the early fighting on the Eastern Front between Russia & Germany http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Gflb_j. SYTV 0