Tobacco Chapter 24 Lesson 1 Health Terms Nicotine

Tobacco Chapter 24 Lesson 1

Health Terms § Nicotine: the addictive drug in cigarettes *a deadly poison used in insecticides. § Stimulant: drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs.

§ Tar: Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns. § Carcinogens: cancer causing substances. § Carbon Monoxide: a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that passes through the lungs into the blood.

Answer in your groups § How can you tell if someone is a smoker?

What is in cigarettes? § Nicotine: increases blood pressure & heart rate § Tar: paralyzes/destroys cilia § Carbon Monoxide: same gas that is in automobile exhaust fumes § 43 different identified chemicals: many that are the same used to make paint, toilet cleaner, and antifreeze poisionus

Cyanide is usually found joined with other chemicals to form compounds. Certain bacteria, fungi, and algae can produce cyanide. Exposure to high levels of cyanide harms the brain and heart, and may cause coma and death. Exposure to lower levels may result in breathing difficulties, heart pains, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Formaldehyde § A colorless, flammable, strong-smelling gas that is used to preserve dead animals. § Formaldehyde has been classified as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing substance) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and as a probable human carcinogen by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. § Research studies of workers exposed to formaldehyde have suggested an association between formaldehyde exposure and cancers of the nasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and brain, and possibly leukemia.

Arsenic § Symptoms include: *violent stomach pains in the region of the bowels, *excessive saliva production, *vomiting, *sense of dryness and tightness in the throat; *thirst; *hoarseness and difficulty of speech, *diarrhea; *excoriation of the anus, *urinary organs occasionally affected with violent burning pains and suppression, *convulsions and cramps, *clammy sweats, *red eyes, *delirium, *death § Symptoms of arsenic poisoning start with mild headaches and can progress to lightheadedness and usually, if untreated, will result in death. § Arsenic poisoning can lead to a variety of problems, from skin cancer to keratoses of the feet.

Smokeless Tobacco § Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or chewed. § Carries many of the same health risks as cigarettes § Mouth sores § Cancer of the lip, mouth and throat § Damage to teeth and gums § Damage to digestive system

Smokeless Tobacco

Oral Cancer & Leukoplakia Periodontal Disease

Other forms of tobacco § Pipes or cigars § Although these smokers usually inhale less, they are more likely to develop cancers of the lip, mouth, and throat because more tar is generated by these forms.

Specialty Cigarettes § Prepared with tobacco and other ingredients § Spices make them smell sweet § They in fact contain more cancer-causing substances than regular cigarettes. § Example: Clove cigarettes = contain 2 times the tar and nicotine

E-Cigarettes

What Tobacco does to the Body Chapter 24 Lesson 2

Answer this question as a group § If you were an employer or were on an interview committee, would you base any of your decision to hire on whether the candidate was a smoker or nonsmoker? Why or why not?

Diseases Cigarette smoking is associated with two principal diseases Chronic bronchitis and emphysema Which lead to COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

Chronic bronchitis § § § bronchi become irritated cilia become useless tar build up = chronic coughing and excessive mucous build up

Emphysema § Destruction of tiny air sacs in the lungs through which oxygen is absorbed into body § Walls between sacs lose elasticity = less surface area for oxygen to be absorbed § More breaths required § EX: normal person uses 5% energy for breathing, person with emphysema could use up to 80% energy just to breath

Inflated non-smoker lung

Smoker's lung with emphysema

Lung Cancer § Cancerous cells grow due to irritated bronchi, destruction of cilia, and inability to expel extra mucous § Growth can block bronchi and move to lungs § Can travel to other organs through lymph system

Normal healthy lung. Note black specks throughout indicative of carbon deposits from pollution.

Smokers lung with cancer. White area on top is the cancer. The blackened area is just the deposit of tars that all smokers paint into their lungs with every puff they take.

Circulatory Disease § Smoking constricts blood vessels, which cuts down blood flow to limbs § Nicotine contributes to plaque build up = fatty deposits in arteries = arteriosclerosis (hardening of arteries) § Greater risk of heart attack § Smoking raises blood pressure = greater risk of stroke

Answer in your notes § Why would a person with heart disease be told to avoid smoke? § Why does the heart have to work harder in a smoker than in a nonsmoker? § What happens to the heart when it works overtime?

Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco § Although most is spit out, some is unconsciously swallowed introducing tar and other chemicals into the digestive and urinary systems. § Tobacco contains chemicals that may delay healing of wounds

Leukoplakia: § thickened, white, leathery-appearing spots on the inside of a smokeless tobacco user’s mouth that can develop into cancer of the mouth. § Extremely irritating to tissues in mouth § Decrease ability to smell and taste § Bad breath and Yellow teeth § Gums pushed away from teeth and roots become exposed

Health Terms § Passive smoke: cigarette, cigar or pipe smoke inhaled by nonsmokers as well as smoke that remains in a closed. environment after smoker is done smoking § Mainstream smoke: smoke the smoker blows off § Sidestream smoke: the smoke that comes from burning tobacco

Effects on the nonsmoker § § § Eye irritation Headaches Coughing More frequent ear infection Asthma attacks Aggravates existing heart and lung disease If nonsmokers are exposed to second hand smoke long enough they can face the same consequences as smokers

Smoking During Pregnancy § Nicotine passes through placenta, constricting blood vessels of fetus § Carbon monoxide reduces oxygen in mother and fetus’ blood § Especially harmful during second half of pregnancy § Nicotine can be transferred through breast feeding

Outcomes § Low birth weight § Increased spontaneous abortion, prenatal death, and stillbirth § Growth and development problems § Negative affect on intellectual and behavioral development

Choosing to be Tobacco Free Chapter 24 Lesson 3

Health Terms § Nicotine Withdrawal: the process that occurs when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used § Nicotine substitutes: Manufactured forms of nicotine that deliver small amounts of the drug into the user’s system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit.

Nicotine Substitutes § § § Patch Gum Spray

Tips for Quitting § § § What triggers desire How to otherwise address those needs Write down cost Health concerns Negative family reactions Learn stress management techniques

More Tips for Quitting § Setting a specific date to quit by and sticking to it § Setting short term goals to reinforce decision § Getting environment ready for smoke free life § Setting up a support system

Assignment § Come up with a law to propose to voters that would make using the legal drug of your choice more difficult. § Create a poster to gain support for your initiative. § Make sure to include the negative impacts to health as your reasons for enacting the law.