Tobacco 101 1 Overview Traditional tobacco Commercial tobacco

Tobacco 101 1

Overview Traditional tobacco Commercial tobacco Smokeless tobacco Tobacco & Cancer Tobacco & Diabetes Tobacco & Secondhand smoke 2

Traditional Tobacco Stories Many indigenous nations have traditional stories of how tobacco was introduced to their communities. Many stories emphasized the sacredness of the plant and its powers to both heal if used properly and to harm us if used improperly! Some say that the original tobacco was discovered about 18, 000 years ago. 3

Traditional Tobacco Uses Tobacco was used by our Medicine People for both healing and blessings. Used as a smudge… to ward off pests when the people went out to hunt and gather (the original version of “OFF”) because it contains nicotine, a natural pesticide. Given as a gift when welcoming guests to the community & as an offering to those requested to pray or share their wisdom. 4

Traditional Vs. Commercial Tobacco TRADITIONAL COMMERCIAL Smoked in a pipe for ceremonial purposes Deliberate targeting of specific consumer groups Used as an offering to a healer, elder or other person as a sign of respect or thanks Premeditated and conscious addition of chemicals that lead to addiction Medicinal tobacco was often used as a painkiller Scarcely contains actual tobacco 5

Commercial Tobacco Contents 4000 Chemicals 40 Cancer causing agents 500 Poisons 6

Nicotine Poisonous More addictive than cocaine and heroine So powerful that farmers can’t use it to kill insects Legal addiction Use results in emotional dependence Ø Mood leveler Ø Users rely on it to control emotional responses to everyday life 7

Carbon Monoxide The compound in car exhaust that causes death Causes shortness of breath Reduces the amount of oxygen blood can carry 8

Tar Sticky Residue that stains the fingers and teeth. Contains benzopyrene, one of the deadliest cancer causing agents known. 9

Chemicals Acetone: fingernail polish remover Ammonia: floor/toilet cleaner Cadmium: batteries Arsenic: rat poison Methane: cow manure fumes Formaldehyde: preserver of dead bodies 10

Metals Aluminum Silver Magnesium Lead Zinc Copper Silicon Mercury Titanium Heavy metals 11

Nicotine Hard Habit to Quit On a milligram for milligram basis, is 10 times more potent than heroin as an addictive substance Smoking is an over-learned behavior Pack/day smoker estimates Ø 6 doses (puffs)/cigarette Ø 20 cigarettes per day Ø = 43, 800 doses per year! Few behaviors occur more often. . . Ø Breathing Ø Blinking 12

Nicotine Hard Habit to Quit Withdrawal Symptoms Anxiety 87% * Irritability 80% * Difficulty Restlessness 71% Concentrating 73% * Tobacco Cravings 62% Headaches 24% Gastrointestinal Problems 33% Drowsiness 22% 13

Tobacco Health Effects 14

Tobacco Health Effects 15

Tobacco Facts & Stats 40% of all AN/AN deaths can be attributed to commercial tobacco use 50% of AI/AN teens reported some type of cigarette use (highest rate in the nation, out of all ethnic populations and age groups) 21% of AI/AN teens reported using smokeless tobacco Teens are 3 times more likely to smoke if parent or sibling smokes 16

Tobacco Facts & Stats AI/AN’s 40. 8% African Americans 22. 4% Whites 23. 6% Hispanics 16. 7% Asian American/ Pacific Islanders 13. 3% 17

Tobacco Facts & Stats 18

Tobacco Facts & Stats 85% of teenagers who smoke two or more cigarettes completely, and overcome the initial discomforts of smoking, will become regular smokers. In a study of high school seniors, only 5% of those who smoked believed they would still be smoking two years after graduation. In fact, 75% were still smoking eight years later. One-third to one-half of young people who try cigarettes go on to be daily smokers. 19

Tobacco Costs Every pack of cigarettes sold in the U. S. costs the community $7. 18 in medical care costs and lost productivity IHS estimates $200 million is spent each year to treat tobacco related diseases $75 billion in direct medical costs associated with tobacco use each year in U. S. $82 billion unrealized due to loss of productivity as a result of tobacco abuse 20

Tobacco Individual Costs A pack a day habit… 1 Year = $1, 680 10 Years = $16, 800 20 Years = $33, 600 21

Tobacco Facts & Stats “If not one single young person started smoking from this day forward these losses [more than 400, 000 deaths per year] would still continue unabated for 30 years. ” C. Everett Koop (US Surgeon General 1981 -1989) 22

Smokeless Tobacco Facts & Stats Chew, Snuff, plug, leaf, and dip are all forms of smokeless tobacco If you hold the average-sized dip in your mouth for 30 minutes you get as much nicotine as you would from 2 -3 cigarettes American Indian teenage girls have the highest prevalence rates of spit tobacco 43 % of Indian youth in the Northwest use spit tobacco 23

Smokeless Tobacco Facts & Stats Contains 28 cancer-causing chemicals One can of Copenhagen is equal to 3 packs of cigarettes Snuff dippers consume on average 10 times more cancer-causing substances (nitrosamines -chemicals from the curing process) than cigarette smokers 24

Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Tooth Abrasion Gum Disease Gum Recession Heart Disease and Stroke Cancer in the mouth, pharynx (voice box), esophagus and pancreas. 25

Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Bad breath Reduced sense of smell 26

Tobacco & Cancer Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death among Indian women Women’s death rates due to lung cancer have risen 600% since 1950 About 90% of all lung cancer deaths are attributable to smoking Chewing tobacco and snuff contain 28 different carcinogens 27

Tobacco & Cancer Smoking is a major cause of cancers of the oropharynx (base of the tongue) and bladder among women. Women who smoke have increased risks for cancers of the pancreas and kidney. Larynx and esophagus cancer rates are also elevated. 28

Tobacco & Cancer Healthy lungs Small cell cancer in Smoker’s lung Cancerous tumor in the lung 29

Tobacco & Cancer Research shows that smokers infected with human papillomavirus have greater risk of developing invasive cervical cancer than nonsmokers with the virus. Indian women have cervical cancer rates 3. 5 times the national average. Tobacco is one of the behavioral factors considered to elevate the risk of cervical cancer. 30

Tobacco & Diabetes Smoking and Diabetes both reduce the amount of oxygen reaching your bodily tissues, resulting in poor circulation. Smoking raises your blood sugar level making it harder to control your diabetes. Of people with diabetes who need amputations, 95% are smokers. 31

Tobacco & Diabetes Nicotine is a vessel constrictor, reducing the body’s blood flow. Smoking increases cholesterol levels and hardens arteries. Diabetes increases cholesterol levels and the levels of some other fats in your blood. The combined cardiovascular risks of smoking and diabetes is as high as 14 times those of either smoking or diabetes alone. 32

Tobacco & Diabetes Together, diabetes and tobacco use make it twice as likely that you will develop heart and blood vessel disease. People with diabetes who smoke are 3 times more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than are other people with diabetes. Deaths from heart disease in women with diabetes have increased 23% over the past 30 years compared to a 27% decrease in women without diabetes. 33

Secondhand Smoke breathed out by a smoker and smoke from the burning end of cigarettes, cigars, pipes Composed of nearly 4, 000 different chemicals and over 150 toxins including carbon monoxide 34

Children & Secondhand Smoke 38% of children aged 2 months to 5 years are exposed to SHS in the home. Up to 2, 000 ear infections each year Nearly 530, 000 doctor visits for asthma Up to 436, 000 episodes of bronchitis in children under five Up to 190, 000 cases of pneumonia in children under five 35

Children & Secondhand Smoke Coughing and wheezing Asthma Sore throats and colds Eye irritation Hoarseness 36

Pregnancy & Secondhand Smoke Pregnant women exposed to ETS 6 hours a day pass carcinogens to the blood of unborn ETS for 2 hours a day causes 2 times risk of low birth weight Miscarriage Prematurity Low birth weight Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 37

What You Can Do… If you smoke quit as soon as possible! Do not allow smoking inside your home or car – protect others from Secondhand smoke. Get involved with tobacco awareness campaigns – let others know about the risk! 38

When You Quit… Within 20 Minutes: Ø Ø Ø Blood pressure drops to normal Pulse rate returns to normal Body temperature of hands and feet increases to normal Within 8 Hours: Ø Ø Ø Carbon Monoxide level in blood drops to normal Oxygen level in blood increases to normal Smoker's breath disappears Within 24 Hours: Ø Your chance of a heart attack decreases. Within 48 Hours: Nerve endings start to re-grow Your ability to smell and taste is enhanced 39

When You Quit… Within 72 Hours: Ø Ø Bronchial tubes relax making it easier to breathe. Ø Ø Within 2 weeks - 3 months: Lung capacity increases making it easier to do physical activities Circulation improves Walking becomes easier Lung function increases up to 30 % Within 1 - 9 months: Ø Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath decrease Ø Ø Energy level increases Cilia re-grow in lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean lungs, reduce infection 40

When You Quit… Within One Year: Ø Risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker Within Two Years: Ø Heart attack risk drops to near normal Within 5 Years: Ø Lung cancer death rate for average pack-a-day smoker decreases by almost half Ø Ø Stroke risk is reduced Risk of mouth, throat and esophageal cancer is half that of a smoker 41

When You Quit… Within 10 Years: Ø Lung cancer death rate is similar to that of a person who does not smoke. Ø The pre-cancerous cells are replaced. Within 15 Years: Ø Risk of coronary heart disease is the same as a person who has never smoked. 42

Thank you! Questions Comments Stories 43