To what extent should we embrace globalization To

To what extent should we embrace globalization To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization?

Students will assess the impacts of historical globalization on Indigenous and non. Indigenous peoples

Imperialism and Colonialism

Imperialism: the building of an empire - the domination by a stronger nation over one or more weaker ones. At its most absolute level, such domination means total political control, backed up by military force. At the extreme end of the imperialism spectrum is the situation where one country defeats another, subdues its people and governs it. Less extreme forms of political imperialism include situations where a conquered country is allowed to govern itself up to a point with the consent of its conqueror or where a conquered country retains most of its independence but must pay taxes to another nation.

Another sort of political imperialism occurs when a country establishes colonies which it then governs and protects.

Imperialism in 3 waves 1) Goods and ideas were exchanged along ancient trade routes. During this phase knowledge of science, medicine, literature, and mathematics was shared on the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean trade routes. 2) This phase grew out of the first round began in the late 1400’s. Europeans developed technologies that enabled them to sail much farther than ever before.

From your textbook on page 130… Define the Grand Exchange.

3) Is the current phase of Globalization. This evolved from the end of the Second World War. It has been a time of rapid growth of world markets and nearly instant communications and will be marked by the rapid rise of China and India as economic powers.

Imperialism from the 15 th Century on Imperialism in this time period got its start in the 15 th and 16 th centuries when Europeans began to explore, conquer, and settle lands far from home. Along with exploration, however, went trade, colonization, and attempts at religious conversion of native people. Why did this new age of imperialism and exploration occur?

1) simple curiosity and adventure. As Europeans heard the stories of returning crusaders and of explorers such as Marco Polo, many people longed to learn more about the exotic places they had heard. European rulers, on hearing of the riches of foreign lands, often wanted to increase their own wealth through contact with these lands by trade or through military force. Such rulers also desired the prestige they would gain by adding new lands to their dominions.

2) The desire to bring Christianity to peoples in distant lands. Devout churchmen sincerely felt it was their duty to carry the word of God to those whose religions they considered heathen 3) Religious forces played another role in the process of settling new lands during this period. Some colonies were founded by religious groups who were being persecuted for their beliefs in their home countries.

4) Economic pressure Early forms of capitalism were springing up throughout the world. The wealthy of Europe were looking for new ways to invest their wealth in order to make more money. Capitalists were looking for new people with whom to trade, new markets for their goods, and new sources of raw materials. This lead to a frenzy of overseas exploration. Spain, France, Britain.

Changes in Imperialism Towards the end of the 1700’s, imperialism lost favor in Europe 1) Britain, Spain, and Portugal, lost many of their colonies in the Americas The American Revolution, caused English people to see colonies as expensive, troublesome possessions, that were destined to break away 2) Free Trade among European countries was becoming a popular idea Previously, European nations had tried to develop colonies as a source of raw materials and as markets for manufactured goods, creating a series of closed trading systems.

Toward the end of the late 1800 s, this trend reversed itself, and imperialism once more came into flavor, sparking a new scramble for colonies by European powers. Imperialism during this era lasted from 1870 to 1914 This type of imperialism was different from the imperialism that proceeded it.

1) It was a direct part of governmental policy, it was no longer left up to explorers and capitalists 2) Opened up lands previously been largely neglected Previously, Europeans had established colonies in sparsely populated areas Now, heavily populated and sometimes highly civilized lands became subject to imperialist designs. 3) There was little intention on the part of the imperialist powers to develop major colonies in the lands they were acquiring.

4) Rather than the trading for goods, it was the investment of surplus fund in such things as mines, factories, plantations, and railways that formed the economic foundation of the new imperialism.

Causes of 19 th C Imperialism Why sudden swing back to imperialism in the 19 th C 1. ) Rise in nationalism The old desire for the status and glory implicit in empire building. 2. ) Colonies became useful bargaining chips in the international game of diplomacy 3. ) Businessmen and investors saw in colonies a chance to make profits. Tariff walls were going up in Europe, the old idea of colonies as markets and sources of materials again became popular

4. ) Industrial revolution tended to increase Europe’s imperialist tendencies. The vastly improved means of communications and transportation made the world a smaller place. Improved weaponry (repeating rifle and machine gun) made it easier to subdue native resistance 5. ) The old belief that it is a Christian’s duty to spread the word of God 6. ) Along with sense of missionary duty typical of this era, there went a belief in the duty of the civilized world to educate and westernize people of other races.