To understand world cultures it is important to

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“To understand world cultures, it is important to see the connections between people and

“To understand world cultures, it is important to see the connections between people and their environment. ”

� Aka- Migration � Has � As positives and negatives! people move… � Ideas

� Aka- Migration � Has � As positives and negatives! people move… � Ideas spread � Trade - Exports v. Imports � Creates Interdependence - dependence of countries on goods, resources & knowledge from other parts of the world � If too many people leave an area… can create a “Brain Drain”

� Area with its own unifying characteristics (can be physical, cultural, political or economic)

� Area with its own unifying characteristics (can be physical, cultural, political or economic)

� Position on earth’s surface � Relative or � Absolute �Lines of latitude measure

� Position on earth’s surface � Relative or � Absolute �Lines of latitude measure N & S of the Equator of longitude measure E & W of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich, England)

� People change the environment (“Progress” rogress but often with “Hidden Costs”) Costs https:

� People change the environment (“Progress” rogress but often with “Hidden Costs”) Costs https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vc. SX 4 yt. Efc. E � Or people adapt

� Described by physical & human characteristics… characteristics �Physical characteristics include landforms, climate, soil

� Described by physical & human characteristics… characteristics �Physical characteristics include landforms, climate, soil & animal life �Human characteristics- ex. Activities, transportation, religion & language

How would you describe Pittsburgh as a PLACE? PLACE

How would you describe Pittsburgh as a PLACE? PLACE

Interaction Hilly, rivers, cool winters, warm summers 5 themes of Geography Tech, ed, med

Interaction Hilly, rivers, cool winters, warm summers 5 themes of Geography Tech, ed, med center, steeler nation, yinzers Region positives negatives

Adapt Interaction People change the environment Progress vs hidden costs

Adapt Interaction People change the environment Progress vs hidden costs

MAPS! � Several different types of maps � Each has “pros” and “cons”

MAPS! � Several different types of maps � Each has “pros” and “cons”

� There are special purpose maps that show a variety of information POLITICAL MAPS

� There are special purpose maps that show a variety of information POLITICAL MAPS

 PHYSICAL MAPS � Topography

PHYSICAL MAPS � Topography

 • Vegetation

• Vegetation

 • Natural resources

• Natural resources

� Mountains- vary in elevation, 2000 ft+ � Hills- raised land lower than mts.

� Mountains- vary in elevation, 2000 ft+ � Hills- raised land lower than mts. � Plains- large areas of flat or gently rolling land � Plateaus-large Plateaus- areas of high, flat or rolling land � Others… desert, straight, loess, cataract

� Climate � Effected average weather a place has over 20 -30 yrs. by

� Climate � Effected average weather a place has over 20 -30 yrs. by latitude and elevation � Can have a major effect on people’s lives. �Ex….

Culture- all the things that make up a people’s entire way of life �

Culture- all the things that make up a people’s entire way of life � Many misunderstandings between people around the world because we don’t know enough about each other and our culture. � Some examples: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=haohj 1 s. Vnyk � US Military Blunder…COSTLY! http: //india. nydailynews. com/newsarticle/503 d 02 aaee 412 b 2 f 3 c 000001/pentagon-findssoldiers-burned-more-than-100 -korans � Culture and a Super Bowl Ring? ? ? http: //abcnews. go. com/GMA/video/vladimir-putin-super-bowl-ring-russian-leaderaccused-19418335

� GOVERNMENT � RELIGION � ECONOMY � EDUCATION � FAMILY

� GOVERNMENT � RELIGION � ECONOMY � EDUCATION � FAMILY

�Forms of Government �People form governments to provide for their common needs �Types: Democracy

�Forms of Government �People form governments to provide for their common needs �Types: Democracy Republic Dictatorship Revolutionary Totalitarian Oligarchy Theocracy Monarchy Anarchy Parliamentary Presidential

� Types of Religions: �Monotheism �Polytheism � Major world religions: �Judaism �Christianity �Islam �Hinduism

� Types of Religions: �Monotheism �Polytheism � Major world religions: �Judaism �Christianity �Islam �Hinduism �Buddhism

� Economic Systems � Four types: Traditional: people produce what they need to survive,

� Economic Systems � Four types: Traditional: people produce what they need to survive, they produce the same thing in the same ways as generations before Market: individuals decide what is produced, how it is produced, and who uses the product Command: government controls the economy… what and how thing are made and who uses them __________________________ Mixed: Individuals make some economic decisions, the government makes others

�Through education people learn … �Language – important for communication and passing on traditions

�Through education people learn … �Language – important for communication and passing on traditions and beliefs �Arts & Literature- teach about a culture’s values and promote cultural unity and pride IA ld Wor ages, C u Lang Fact ld Wor v/l a. go he k i c o. Bo s: //www ations/t http /public h ry ibra d 098. 2 / s l d -wor ook/fiel b fact tml

� Family is the most impt. unit of social org. � Nuclear family- husband,

� Family is the most impt. unit of social org. � Nuclear family- husband, wife, children � Extended family- several generations in one household Respect for elders is usually strong in extended families � Patrilineal- children belong to father’s side of family � Matrilineal- children belong to mother’s side of family � Bilateral ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ � Types of marriages Monogamy Polygamy � Polygyny � Polyandry VIDEO- http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=d 4 yjr. DSvze 0

�Social classes �Another unit of social organization �Ranks people in order of status �What

�Social classes �Another unit of social organization �Ranks people in order of status �What can social class be based on? � Money � Occupation � Education � Race � Etc. �Open Class Systems vs. Closed System Class

� Norm- Norms refer to the expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop from

� Norm- Norms refer to the expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop from our values. Ex. - eating 3 xs/day, going to school, bathing daily, using a phone, using electricity 1. Folkways sometimes known as 2. Mores norms of morality 3. Taboos- culture absolutely forbids them “conventions” or “customs, ” are standards of behavior that are socially approved but not morally significant

1. 2. 3. 4. Technology Inventions Environment Changes New Ideas- Social changes Diffusion: movement

1. 2. 3. 4. Technology Inventions Environment Changes New Ideas- Social changes Diffusion: movement of customs and ideas from one place to another (and ADAPTATION)

DIFFUSION THEME OF GEOGRAPHY movement!!!!

DIFFUSION THEME OF GEOGRAPHY movement!!!!

� Ethnocentrism: judging other cultures by the standards of your own �Assuming your own

� Ethnocentrism: judging other cultures by the standards of your own �Assuming your own culture to be the best � Stereotyping � Racism: belief that one racial group is naturally superior to another �Race is a cultural thing. It does not actually, physically exist � Frame of Reference

� What is the message of this cartoon?

� What is the message of this cartoon?

� First people lived more than 2 mil years ago in Eastern Africa �

� First people lived more than 2 mil years ago in Eastern Africa � “Stone Age” �Chipped rocks to shape tools & weapons �Controlled fire �Developed language �Nomads

� Agricultural �About Revolution 10, 000 yrs. Ago � 2 Major ADVANCES: Farm Domesticate

� Agricultural �About Revolution 10, 000 yrs. Ago � 2 Major ADVANCES: Farm Domesticate animals �Where: Tigris-Euphrates River in Modern-day Iraq Southeast Asia? �Results: Tied to the earth � Permanent communities Could support more people

� All had: �Governments �Religions �Specialized skills and jobs �Social classes �Record keeping

� All had: �Governments �Religions �Specialized skills and jobs �Social classes �Record keeping

�The Muslim World Expands � 1300– 1700 �A group of Turks called Ottomans set

�The Muslim World Expands � 1300– 1700 �A group of Turks called Ottomans set up a new empire in what is now modern Turkey Farther to the east, the Safavids arose in modern Iran, where rulers embraced a special type of Islam that made them different from their neighbors. Meanwhile, India saw the rise of the Mughal Empire as Muslims created a powerful state there.

�African Kingdoms �Mali �Mansa Musa �Timbuktu

�African Kingdoms �Mali �Mansa Musa �Timbuktu

�China �Mongols- nomads from Central Asia �Set up roads between china and the middle

�China �Mongols- nomads from Central Asia �Set up roads between china and the middle east- Silk Route �Paper, gunpowder

�Europe �Much less developed at this time �…but this begins to change. Emergence of

�Europe �Much less developed at this time �…but this begins to change. Emergence of Europe � 1300 s-1650 s Adopted foreign technologies Built on ancient learning Expands overseas

� 1700 s-1900 s Industrial Revolution Second Agricultural Revolution Imperialism Westernization Cold War

� 1700 s-1900 s Industrial Revolution Second Agricultural Revolution Imperialism Westernization Cold War

�Scars § of IMPERIALISM: Economic and Political instability

�Scars § of IMPERIALISM: Economic and Political instability

DEVELOPMENT �Technological Revolution Since WWII and even more so since the 70 s. So

DEVELOPMENT �Technological Revolution Since WWII and even more so since the 70 s. So many changes in technology…REVOLUTION! Like industrial revolution- major effect on lives & societies. �Communication, Transportation & Space § What technological advancements have been made in this arena? § What have the effects of this been? § How is MOVEMENT involved here?

Healthcare o § What technological advancements have been made in this arena? § What

Healthcare o § What technological advancements have been made in this arena? § What have the effects of this been? § How is INTERACTION involved here?

Agriculture § What technological advancements have been made in this arena? § What have

Agriculture § What technological advancements have been made in this arena? § What have the effects of this been? § How is INTERACTION involved here?

� Is this GOOD? GOOD � Or is this BAD? BAD

� Is this GOOD? GOOD � Or is this BAD? BAD

are PROBLEMS associated with Development : �There �Population Explosion �Urbanization �Cultural Change

are PROBLEMS associated with Development : �There �Population Explosion �Urbanization �Cultural Change

� Which problems of globalization do each of these illustrate?

� Which problems of globalization do each of these illustrate?

�“Silent Spring”- Rachel Carson � http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=T_Njv 5 Ygg 0 g

�“Silent Spring”- Rachel Carson � http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=T_Njv 5 Ygg 0 g � Pesticides killed insects, but has domino effect on entire ecosystem & harms humans � Gave rise to ECOLOGY: the science of the interactions among organisms and their environment � Dangers to environment have many sources: �Deforestation � Desertification � Chemical � Species Wastes and disasters loss- http: //worldwildlife. org/species/directory? direction=desc&sort=extinction_status

WHICH ARE THESE EXAMPLES OF? � ______________________ � ____________

WHICH ARE THESE EXAMPLES OF? � ______________________ � ____________

� Sustainable Development – "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising

� Sustainable Development – "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. "