To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P

Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16:

Scrap Paper Place Marks at P-S Wave Interval Time and at 0. Station A

Scrap Paper Slide paper up and over until the reference marks Line up with

Scrap Paper Lightly, make a reference mark in pencil on the reference table at

. 2. 4. 6. 8 Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of

Lightly, make reference marks in pencil On the reference table at these two places.

Travel Time (minutes) 00: 06: 40 00: 06: 20 Station A Arrival Time of

ERASE YOUR MARK! Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the

08: 16: 00 (P Arrival Time) 00: 06: 20 (P Travel Time) Station A

MINUS! Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08:

08: 15: 60 (1 min. is 60 sec) 08: 16: 00 (P Arrival Time)

7600 km Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between

Slides: 52

Download presentation

To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Copyright David Stolarz, January 22, 2010

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km The Completed Process NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project 00: 10: 20 08: 11: 40

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A B C Start Simple – Draw a Line Down From the P-Wave to the Time Scale NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time A B C Judge what time the P-wave starts NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 08: 16 17 18 19 A Quarter after 8 O’Clock! And No Seconds! Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time A B C A zoom-in shows P-wave starting at approximately 08: 16: 00 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 08: 16: 00 B C Put that value in the appropriate box NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 08: 21: 00 B C Repeat the same process for the S-wave. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 08: 21: 00 (S-Wave Time) -08: 16: 00 (P-Wave Time) Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 08: 21: 00 B C Calculate the interval between the two wave arrivals at the seisomgraph NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 08: 21: 00 (S-Wave Time) -08: 16: 00 (P-Wave Time) 00: 05: 00 (Time Difference) ( 0 Hours, 5 Minutes, 0 Seconds ) Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 00: 05: 00 B C Enter that time in the appropriate box NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 05: 00 B C Go to page 11 of your Earth Science Reference Tables for the chart shown above NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 05: 00 B C Use the P-S Wave time interval to figure out the distance to the epicenter NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Scrap Paper Place Marks at P-S Wave Interval Time and at 0. Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 05: 00 B C Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Scrap Paper Slide paper up and over until the reference marks Line up with the P and S Lines. Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 05: 00 B C Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Scrap Paper Lightly, make a reference mark in pencil on the reference table at this place on the P line. Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 05: 00 B C For convenience, make a light pencil mark on the P line for use in the next step NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

. 2. 4. 6. 8 Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 05: 00 B C Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter distance. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Lightly, make reference marks in pencil On the reference table at these two places. Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km B C Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

Travel Time (minutes) 00: 06: 40 00: 06: 20 Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km B C Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 B C Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

ERASE YOUR MARK! Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 B C Erase your pencil mark on the P-wave to keep your reference table clean NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

08: 16: 00 (P Arrival Time) 00: 06: 20 (P Travel Time) Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 B C Calculate what time the earthquake happened using the Arrival and travel times NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

MINUS! Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval 08: 16: 00 (P Arrival Time) - 00: 06: 20 (P Travel Time) Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 B C Obviously, the earthquake happened earlier than when its was felt miles away NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

08: 15: 60 (1 min. is 60 sec) 08: 16: 00 (P Arrival Time) - 00: 06: 20 (P Travel Time) Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 B C Convert hours to minutes or minutes to seconds when necessary NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Origin Time of Earthquake

08: 15: 60 (1 min. is 60 sec) 08: 16: 00 (P Arrival Time) - 00: 06: 20 (P Travel Time) 08: 09: 40 (Time at Origin) Station A Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B C Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 3. 6 x 103 km C Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave A 08: 16: 00 B 08: 19: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval 00: 05: 00 Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 3. 6 x 103 km C Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave A 08: 16: 00 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 08: 21: 00 P-S Wave Interval 00: 05: 00 Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 3. 6 x 103 km C Repeat the same process for the S-wave. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 00: 05: 00 Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 3. 6 x 103 km C Use the P-S Wave time interval to set reference marks for the sliding step NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 3. 6 x 103 km C Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 3. 6 x 103 km C Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km C Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter distance. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake 08: 09: 40 A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 C Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 3. 6 x 103 km C Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km 00: 10: 20 08: 11: 40 Follow the same overall process for Station C NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 Repeat the same process for the S-wave. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 Use the P-S Wave time interval and the y axis of the reference table NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave time value NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km 00: 10: 20 Calculate what time the earthquake happened using the Arrival and travel times NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Using Scrap Paper Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km 00: 10: 20 08: 11: 40 Calculate and place the time of earthquake in the proper box NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

7600 km Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave All three arcs must pass through the earthquake epicenter, in this case, the San Andreas fault in California, USA. Using scrap paper. 3600 km Use the Station info to locate the epicenter of the earthquake on a map NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km 00: 10: 20 08: 11: 40 On the Station Map, Find Station A NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km 00: 10: 20 08: 11: 40 Find Station B NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km 00: 10: 20 08: 11: 40 Find Station C NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Station Distance to the Epicenter A 3. 6 x 103 km B 5. 0 x 103 km C 7. 6 x 103 km Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km 00: 10: 20 08: 11: 40 Use the Distance to Epicenter for each station NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Arrival Time of P Arrival Time of -Wave the S-Wave P-S Wave Interval Station Distance to the Epicenter A 3. 6 x 103 km 3, 600 km B 5. 0 x 103 km C 7. 6 x 103 km Distance to the P-Wave Travel Epicenter Time Origin Time of Earthquake A 08: 16: 00 08: 21: 00 00: 05: 00 3. 6 x 103 km 00: 06: 20 08: 09: 40 B 08: 19: 00 08: 26: 00 00: 07: 00 5. 0 x 103 km 00: 08: 20 08: 10: 40 C 08: 21: 00 08: 30: 00 00: 09: 00 7. 6 x 103 km 00: 10: 20 08: 11: 40 Convert scientific notation for the distance to the epicenter for each station NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project or 5, 000 km 7, 600 km

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Distance to the Epicenter A 3, 600 km B 5, 000 km C 7, 600 km 36 00 km Station Using the scale bar below as the reference, scribe a circle around the three points using a compass, string, or scrap paper. 3600 km Scribe the arc for Station A using the map scale distance NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Station Distance to the Epicenter A 3, 600 km B 5, 000 km C 7, 600 km 50 00 km The two circles cross at two points. A third circle is needed to confirm the earthquake epicenter. 5000 km Scribe the arc for Station B using the map scale distance NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Distance to the Epicenter A 3, 600 km B 5, 000 km C 7, 600 km 7600 km Station All three arcs must pass through the earthquake epicenter, in this case, the San Andreas fault in California, USA. Using scrap paper. 3600 km If the distance is longer than the scale, use scrap paper to extend the scale. NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

7600 km Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave All three arcs must pass through the earthquake epicenter, in this case, the San Andreas fault in California, USA. Using scrap paper. 3600 km Where three arcs cross is the epicenter – Circle it! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project