to do to be done to have done

动词不定式的时态和语态 不定式 主� 被� 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done � 行式 to be doing 完成 to have been doing � 行式

医生的 作就是救死扶伤。 The doctor’s job is to heal the wounded and 表语 rescue the dying. 他起了个大早就是为了赶上火车。 He got up early to catch the train. 状语 掌握一门外语很重要。 It’s important to master a foreign language. 主语 Mary认为很有必要跟他再谈一次。 Mary found it necessary to talk to him again. 宾语 我警告他不要碰我的东西。 I warned him not to touch my things. 宾补 我无话可说。 I have nothing to say. 定语

* It is/was +adj. （品质） + of sb. to do… eg: 帮了我这么多，你真是太好了。 It’s very kind of you to help me so much. *It is +adj. （性质） + for sb. + to do… eg. : 我们要学好英语并不难。 It is not difficult for us to learn English well. * It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do… eg. : 能帮助你是我的荣幸。 It is my pleasure to help you. * It takes sb +time to do… 主语

当遇到下列动词时, 不定式省略to: 使役动词： let, make, have 一感觉: feel 感官动词： listen to 二听 hear 五看 watch see look at notice observe 宾补 注意: 被动语态不省to Eg: 我听到他在唱歌。 I heard him sing. He was heard to sing.

状语 目的状�� 可以用： in order to , so as to do 等� 构。 e. g. ： � 了不浪�� ，我� 关了那些灯。 We turned the lights off so as not to waste electricity. � 果状�� 可以用： so…as to… , enough…to… , only to… , never to…, too…to…等来表示。 e. g. ：他� 没蠢到做那种事情。 He is not so stupid as to do that.

关于省略 ◆ 不定式中的动词上文已出现过, 下文要 省略该动词. e. g. : Would you like to go with me ? Yes, ______. A. I’d like to B. I’d like to go ◆不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e. g. : Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, _______. A. I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.

不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时, 如果 这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么介词 后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to. • (1). She could do nothing but ____ cry to go. (cry) • (2). I have no choice to but____. (go)sleep do • (3). What do you like ____ besides____. (do, sleep)

巩固练习 1. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use. A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

其他 在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式 常以主动形式表示被动意义。常见的此类形容词 有：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等。 ① The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这箱子太重了，我搬不动。 ② This mountain is difficult to climb. 这座山很难爬。

一、选择 1— 5 DDBC A 6— 10 CABBA 11— 12 BA

二、用动词的适当形式填空 to start 1. What I would suggest is _____(start) work at once. inviting (invite) the famous 2. I’m considering____ professor _____(give) us a talk. to give to have kept 3. I’m sorry _______(keep) you waiting for such a long time. to play 4. We are not allowed ____(play) outdoors with other children. 5. When we hurried to the station, there to be happened ____(be) no bus at that time.

to wait 6. I have no choice but ____(wait). wait 7. He could do nothing but _______(wait) for the bus ______(come). to come 8. He hurried to the school only _____(find) to find nobody there. 9. The news reporters hurried to the airport, to be told only ______(tell) the film stars had left. done (do), he felt 10. With the homework ______ relaxed.

to do 11. With many things ____(do), he cannot go out with us. thinking 12. After_____ (think) everything over, not to resign she decided _______(not resign) her post. to try 13. It might be better _____(try) discussing ______(discuss) in his own language speaking as he isn’t used to _____(speak) in English yet.

passing 14. She remembered _____(pass) on most of the information, but she forgot to mention ______(mention) one or two of the most important facts. to open 15. If you couldn’t get anything _______(open) try (try) the beer bottle with, why not_____ opening ____(open) it with your teeth. 16. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held _______(hold) tomorrow.

三、完成句子 1. To give up smoking is a wise choice. 戒烟是明智的选择。 2. They are reported to have arrived safely. 据报道，他们已安全到达。 3. He is the first person to know the truth. 他是第一个知道真相的人。 4. He is known to have been given a gold medal at the Olympic Games. 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。

5. He is said to be studying abroad. 据说他正在国外学习。 6. I’m glad to have been studying here for almost two years. 我很高兴在这学习将近两年了。 7. Remember that it’s very necessary to understand each other while making friends. 务必记住，交朋友对彼此理解尤为必要。 8. I have no pen to write with. 我没有写字用的笔了。

9. It is so nice for me to hear your voice. 我能听到你的声音真高兴。 10. I am sorry to have forgotten to turn off the light. 我忘记关灯了。 11. My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。

12. The news reporter hurried to the airport, only to be told the film star had left. 这位新闻记者急匆匆赶到机场，结果被告知电影 明星已经走了。 13. The teacher asked us not to be so noisy. 老师叫我们不要如此吵闹。 14. To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就是延长生命。

四、辨认以下句子中的不定式作什么成分。 1. To read English novels is a good way to learn English. 不定式作作主语 2. I hope to be admitted to a famous university. 作宾语 3. His job today is to clean the floor and sweep 作表语 the yard. 4. Do you have a newspaper for me to read? 作定语

5. To keep fit, the students go out to play football every day. 目的状语 6. He went out of the room, only to find nothing strange. 结果状语 7. My advisor encourages me to take a summer course to improve my writing skill. 宾补语 8. The poor boy was made to work from morning till night. 宾补语