TMDL Modeling Toolbox Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code EFDC

TMDL Modeling Toolbox Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) Steven Davie Tetra Tech Inc.

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Overview • • Introduction to EFDC History of code and model development Peer Review and Validation of model Pre-processing Tools Post-processing Tools Simple setup and example Complex setup and example

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Introduction to EFDC (1 of 2) • Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code = EFDC • EFDC is a 2 -D/3 -D orthogonal curvilinear grid hydrodynamic model. • EFDC can solve for the circulation and transport of material in complex environments including, estuaries, coastal embayments, lakes and offshore. • EFDC also provides solutions for salinity, temperature, and conservative tracers with full density feedback to handle stratified conditions.

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Introduction to EFDC (2 of 2) • EFDC Model Includes Internally Linked – Hydrodynamics – Sediment Transport and Toxic Transport & Fate • Public Domain Model • The EFDC Model Has: – Extensive Application Track Record – Peer Reviewed Publications – Peer Review Panels for Major Applications • EFDC Is Maintained by Tetra Tech with Primary Support from US EPA • EFDC-Hydro Can Be Linked to WASP and CE-QUAL-ICM

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC History of Development • Developed by John Hamrick at Virginia Institute of Marine Science with Primary Support from State of Virginia – VIMS Version (HEM 3 D) Frozen in 1996 • Tetra Tech, Inc. Has Continued to Develop, Maintain, and Support EFDC Since 1996. • EPA Region 4 has supported revision of the code for only hydrodynamics and sediment transport and the ability to link with the WASP water quality model. • Currently used by Federal, State and Local Agencies, Consultants, and Universities.

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Capabilities • Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamics with Coupled Salinity and Temperature Transport • Directly Coupled Toxic Contaminated Sediment Transport and Fate Model • Integrated Near-field Mixing Zone Model • Pre-Processing Software for Grid Generation and Input File Creation • Post-Processing Software for Analysis, Graphic, and Visualization

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Hydrodynamics (1 of 3) • Three-Dimensional with 2 -D and 1 -D Options • Boundary Fitted Horizontal Curvilinear- Orthogonal Grid and Sigma (Stretched) Vertical Grid • Conservative, 2 nd Order Accurate Finite Difference/Finite Volume Numerics • Highly Efficient Two or Three Time-Level Semi. Implicit Temporal Solution • Includes M-Y Turbulence Closure Model • Dynamically Coupled Salinity and Temperature Transport

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Hydrodynamics (2 of 3) • MPDATA and COSMIC Advection Schemes • Newtonian Nudging Data Assimilation for Water Surface Elevation and Scalar Transport Variables • Drying and Wetting of Shallow Areas • Wave-Current Boundary Layers and Wave Induced Current via SWAN and RIFDIF Linkages • Hydraulic Control Structures • Vegetation Resistance • 1 D Channel Network Option Using HEC Type Cross Sections

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Hydrodynamics (3 of 3)

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Validation (1 of 2) • 14 Years of Use on Over 100 Applications by Numerous Users • Analytic Solutions for – Tidal Propagation – Oscillatory Boundary Layers – Wind Setup Seiche – Sediment Settling – Cohesive Bed Consolidation – Contaminant Partitioning and Diffusion in Bed and Water Column

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Validation (2 of 2) • Simulation of Laboratory Experiments – – Tidal Propagation Salinity Intrusion Velocity Redistribution in Curved Channels Movable Bed Sediment Transport • Mass and Energy Balances – Field Scale Sediment and PCB Application • Opposing Party Code Review in High Profile Superfund Application • Widely accepted for regulatory purposes: – TMDLs, WLAs and NPDES permitting

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Selected EFDC Peer Review Publications Hamrick, J. M. , and T. S. Wu, 1997: Computational design and optimization of the EFDC/HEM 3 -D surface water hydrodynamic and eutrophication models. Next Generation Environmental Models and Computational Methods. G. Delich and M. F. Wheeler, Eds. , Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 143 -156. Hamrick, J. M. , 1994: Linking hydrodynamic and biogeochemical transport models for estuarine and coastal waters. Estuary and Coastal Modeling, Proc. Third Intl. Conf. , M. L. Spaulding et al. , Eds. , ASCE, New York, 591 608. Jin, K. R. , and Z. G. Ji, 2003: Modeling of sediment transport processes and wind-wave impact in a large shallow lake. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE (tentatively accepted) Jin, K. R. , and Z. G. Ji, 2003: Application and validation of a 3 -D model in a shallow lake. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering (accepted) Ji, Z. -G. , J. H. Hamrick, and J. Pagenkopf, 2002: Sediment and metals modeling in shallow river, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 128, 105 -119. Jin, K. R. , Z. G. Ji, and J. M. Hamrick, 2002: Modeling winter circulation in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 128, 114 -125. Ji, Z. -G. , M. R. Morton, and J. M. Hamrick: 2001: Wetting and drying simulation of estuarine processes, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 53, 683 -700. Jin, K. -R. , and Z. -G. Ji. 2001. Calibration and Verification of a Spectral Wind-Wave Model for Lake Okeechobee. Journal of Ocean Engineering, 28(5), 573 -586.

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Selected EFDC Peer Review Publications Jin, K. R. , J. M. Hamrick, and T. S. Tisdale, 2000: Application of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for Lake Okeechobee. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 126, 758 -771. Moustafa, M. Z. , and J. M. Hamrick, 2000: Calibration of the wetland hydrodynamic model to the Everglades nutrient removal project. Water Quality and Ecosystem Modeling, 1, 141 -167. Shen, J. Boon, J. , and Kuo, A. Y. 1999. A numerical study of a tidal intrusion front and its impact on larval dispersion in the James River estuary, Virginia. Estuaries, 22(3), 681 -692. Shen, J. and Kuo, A. Y. 1999. Numerical investigation of an estuarine front and its associated eddy. Journal of Waterways, Ports, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 125 (3), 127 -135. Kuo, A. Y. , Shen, J. and Hamrick, J. M. 1996: The effect of acceleration on bottom shear stress in tidal estuaries. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 122 (2), 75‑ 83. Wu, T. S. , J. M. Hamrick, S. C. Mc. Cutechon, and R. B. Ambrose, 1997: Benchmarking the EFDC/HEM 3 -D surface water hydrodymamic and eutrophication models. Next Generation Environmental Models and Computational Methods. G. Delich and M. F. Wheeler, Eds. , Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 157161. Yang, Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 2003: Variational inverse parameter estimation in a cohesive sediment transport model: an adjoint approach. Journal of Geophysical Research, in press. Yang, Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 2002: Variational inverse parameter estimation in a long-term tidal transport model. Water Resources Research, in press.

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Florida Bay FL EFDC Grids Lake Okeechobee FL Savannah River and Estuary GA Neuse River and Estuary NC Fenholloway River and Estuary FL

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Grids Jordan Lake NC Logan Martin Lake AL Mobile Bay AL Lake Allatoona GA Mobile Bay AL

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Pre-Processing • Grid Generator – – Develop 2 -D and 3 -D grids Depth interpolation Includes bottom elevation Tangent points for complex shorelines • EFDCView – – Model configuration Interactive boundary designation Execution control Launch post-processor

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Grid Generator Move Control Point User may move primary and secondary control points to fit a complex shoreline, then regenerate the grid. The new grid is automatically displayed

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Interface

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Flint Simple Grid

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Remove Land Cells

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDCView (Preprocessor)

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Assigning Boundaries

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Post-Processing • MOVEM (with WASP) – EFDCView generates a Binary Model Data (BMD) file that can be viewed by MOVEM. • Tecplot – Animations – Time series plots

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Flint Creek Example • • • Flint Creek watershed in northern AL Drains to the TN River Grid and model development for the embayment

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Location Maps

TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC Flint Creek Example