TM Terminologies Wonder and Ponder Li Zhaoguo Peoples

传统医学术语：进展与观瞻 TM Terminologies: Wonder and Ponder 李照国 Li Zhaoguo People’s Republic of China

一 回顾展望 方圆自彰 Review and Revision

源远流长 九九归一 Source and Cause

荷兰游医 开创世纪 Wilem ten Rhijne’s Contribution

法人苏里 永远丰碑 Translation of the first classic into Western language （ George Soulie de Morant。1878－1955）

开创先河 争流百舸 Ilza Veith’s Great Deed The Yellow Emperor's Classic has become a landmark in the history of Chinese civilization. Ilza Veith provides an extensive introduction to her monumental translation of this classic work.

以文树德 德必大矣 Paul Unschuld’s Trial

独树一帜 差之毫厘 Manfred Porkert’s Approach

智者千虑 难免一失 Nigel Wiseman’s Practice

二 举目回首 几气几候 Common and Comments

差之毫厘 谬之千里 superficially similar, essentially different n n n 客色visiting complexion (variant complexion) 小便自利spontaneous urination （normal urination） 痹症 mobility disorders

道可道者 皆须道也 transliteration：scope and practice n n n n 無汗mukan (no sweat or anhidrosis) 脈象myakusho (pulse conditions or pulse states) 平脈heimyaku (normal pulse) 客証kyakusho (secondary (auxiliary) symptoms) 火逆kagyaku (Counterflow of fire or reversal of fire) 半外半裏hangaihanri 半外半裏Half-exterior, half-interior pattern

小大之辨 虚实自显 Large or small, Yes or no? n n n 太阳 Large yang Greater yang 少阳 Small yang Lesser yang

失却阴阳 纲目何张 Concise, but incomplete n n Names of the twelve meridians 足太阴脾经：Spleen Meridian (SP) 足少阴肾经：Kidney Meridian 足厥阴肝经：Liver Meridian (LR)

推而次之 一以贯之 Necessity of consistency n n 少神lack of vitality 神疲lassitude of spirit 亡阳证 Yang collapse pattern 气脱证 Qi collapse pattern

辨析形意 对应分明 Correspondence and equivalence n n n n n 阻obstruction 滞stagnation 郁depression 壅congestion 留 retain 困encumber 宽soothe 豁 sweep 袭assail n n n n n 扰harass 感contraction 犯invade 冲ram 闭block 元 primordium; primordial 破dilapidation 柔emolliate 攻attack

n n n 安tranquilize, calm 痞stuffiness 闭block 蔽clouding, covering 痹impediment 表superficies 搏struggle 补tonify 炽intense 虫worm 传transmission n n 喘dyspnea, panting 窜scurry 动stirring 乏lack 发effusion 燔blaze 犯invade 泛flooding 分aspect 浮floating 伏latent, hidden

n n n n n 伏latent, hidden 腐putrefying, putrefaction 干harassing 攻attack 固; security; reinforce 涵moisten 耗consumption 化resolve; transform 积accumulation 健fortify n n n 交alternate; coordinate 解release 结bind 竭exhaustion 津fluid 惊fright 经meridian 聚aggregation 厥syncope 亢hyperactivity 客retain, invade

n n n 空void 恐fear 枯dryness; exhaustion 亏depletion 困encumber 敛constrain 利soothe 恋lingering 两dual, both 凌intimidating 烙cauterization n n 脉vessel 乱derangement 满full 蒙clouding 纳receive; absorption 逆counterflow, inverted 酿brew 捏pinch 凝congealing 平pacify 迫press

三 意见建议 从实而已 Conclusion and Suggestion

文不尽言 言不尽意 mirror and iceberg n n n n 汉英比较：Comparative study on Chinese and English languages 中医语言：Study on TCM language 中医语义：Study on TCM semantics 中医翻译：Study on TCM translation 翻译标准：Standardization of TCM terminology translation

一词八译 意犹未尽 One term with eight ways of expression n 脏腑 五脏者，藏精气 而不泄，藏精神 血气魂魄也。 六腑者，化水谷 而行津液者也。 n n n n Zangfu-viscera zangfu-organs, zang-organs and fu-organs zang-viscera and fu-viscera solid organs and hollow organs bowels and viscera treasuries and houses Deposits and palaces

n n n 虚 xu asthenia deficiency insufficiency, weakness debility, hypofunction n n n 实 shi excess Hyperactivity Hyperfunction Exuberance sturdiness fullness

n n 三焦 san jiao 三焦者，水谷之道路， 气之所终始。 三焦者，决渎之官， 水道出焉。 脏腑外围最大的腑。 n n n Three warmers Three heaters Three burners Triple energizer Tri-jiao Sanjiao

异同之辨 一目了然 Question and Answer

确定原则 厘定标准 Principles 忠信 Truthfulness 顺达 Expressiveness 一致 Consistency

多法并举 得意而已 Approaches n 直译Literal 漏汗leaking sweating 油汗oily sweating 意译Liberal (concise) 五心烦热vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles 寒上熱下Upper body heat and lower body cold n

不译之译 得意而已 Transliteration n n n Strictly restricted, excluding the names of acupoints and herbs 阴阳yin and yang 脏腑zangfu 气qi 精jing 三焦sanjiao 神shen

n n n n Strictly restricted, excluding the names of acupoints and herbs 阴阳yin and yang 脏腑zangfu 气qi 精jing 三焦sanjiao 神shen n n n 太阴taiyin 少阴shaoyin 厥阴jueyin 太阳taiyang 少阳shaoyang 阳明yangming

组织专家 统一术语 Necessity of unification To organize a working group to unify the expressions and definitions of TM terms and concepts

谢谢 Thank you