TM SISTEM DIGESTIF PERTEMUAN 1 DR MAYANG ANGGRAINI

TM SISTEM DIGESTIF PERTEMUAN 1 DR MAYANG ANGGRAINI PRODI RMIK, FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU KESEHATAN

VISI DAN MISI UNIVERSITAS ESA UNGGUL

Materi Sebelum UTS 01. TM SISTEM DIGESTIF DAN LATIHAN 02. ICD 10 CHAPTER XI (SISTEM DIGESTIF) 03. LATIHAN ICD 10 SISTEM DISGESTIF 04. TM SISTEM ENDOKRINE DAN LATIHAN 05. ICD 10 SISTEM ENDOKRINE 06. LATIHAN ICD 10 SISTEM ENDOKRINE 07. TM SISTEM GENITOURINARY DAN LATIHAN

Materi Setelah UTS 08. ICD 10 SISTEM GENITOURINARY 09. LATIHAN ICD 10 SISTEM GENITOURINARY 10. TM SISTEM OTOT DAN LATIHAN 11. ICD 10 SISTEM OTOT 12. LATIHAN ICD 10 SISTEM OTOT 13. LATIHAN ICD 9 CM SISTEM DIGESTIF DAN ENDOKRINE 14. LATIHAN ICD 9 CM SISTEM GENITOURINARIA DAN OTOT

KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN 1. Memahami ejaan istilah struktur dan fungsi, berbagai akar kata (Root), definisi/arti dan ejaan istilah medis umum, medis penyakit/gangguan, berikut istilah diagnostik dan terapi-operasi sistem digestif, endokrine, genitourinaria dan otot 2. Memahami Chapter ICD 10 Sistem digestif, endokrine, genitourinaria dan otot dan kekhususannya 3. Menentukan nomor kode ICD 10 sistem digestif, endokrine, genitourinaria dan otot dengan presisi, benar dan tepat sesuai yang diderita pasien dan ditanggulangi di sistem pelayanan kesehatan yang terkait 4. Menentukan nomor kode ICD 9 CM yang berkaitan dengan sistem digestif, endokrine, genitourinaria dan otot dengan presisi, benar dan tepat sesuai yang diderita pasien dan ditanggulangi di sistem pelayanan kesehatan yang terkait

SISTEM PENCERNAAN • Sistem digestif disebut: Gastrointestinal Tract Canal atau Digestive tract (sal. pencernaan) • Sruktur anatomis sistem digestif terdiri dari: mouth (mulut), pharynx (tenggorokan), esophagus (kerongkongan), stomach [gaster] (lambung), small intestine [intestinum tenue] (usus halus/kecil) large intestine [colon] (usus besar), berikut: accesory organs (org. penunjang, )

Sistem Pencernaan (Lanjutan-) Organ penunjang yakni: liver [hepar] (hati), gallbladder [vesica felea] (kantung empedu), dan pancreas ( kelenjar pankreas) Sistem digestif menjalankan tugas: 1. mencerna makanan; 2. menyerap nutient ke dalam darah; 3. membuang sampah padat

Unsur Akar Kata (Word Roots) Sistem Digestif Akar Kata abdomin/o-; ceil/oan/oappend/o; appendic/o bil/o; chol/ebucc/ocec/ocheil/o- Definisi = = = = abdomen (daerah perut) anus (dubur) appendix (usus buntu) bile, gall (empedu) cheek (pipi) cecum (usus cecum) lips (bibir)

(Lanjutan-1) Akar Kata cholang/ocholecyst/ocholedoch/ocol/o-; colon/oduoden/oenter/oesphag/o- Definisi = bile duct (saluran empedu) = gallbladder (kantung empedu) = common bile duct (saluran empedu) = colon (usus besar, kolon) = duodenum (usus halus 12 jari) = intestine (usus) = oesophagus, esophagus (esofagus, kerongkngan)

(Lanjutan-2) • Akar Kata gastr/ogingiv/ogloss/ohepat/oile/ojejun/olapar/o- Definisi________ = = = = stomach (lambung) gums (gusi) tongue (lidah) liver (hati) ileum (usus halus, ileum) jejunum (usus jejunum) abdominal wall (dinding perut)

(Lanjutan-3) • Akar Kata lip/olith/oor/o-; stomat/opancreat/operitone/o- Definisi = = = fat (lemak) stone; calculus(i) (batu) mouth (mulut) pancreas (kelenjar pankreas) peritoneum (selaput pembungkus bagian dalam perut)

(Lanjutan-4) Akar Kata Definisi pharyng/oproct/o-; rect/osial/o- = = = sigmoid/o- = pharynx (faring, tenggorokan) rectum (rektum) salivary gland; saliva (kelenjar ludah, ludah) sigmoid colon (usus besar sigmoid)

READING: Disorders of the Stomach Disorders of stomach have a variety of causes. Because the stomach is a reservoir, disorders in the process of emptying the stomach contents occur. Other problems relate to the stomach’s role in the preparation of ingested food for digestion.

INFECTION The large amount of hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach protects the stomach from some infections by destroying many of the bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are taken in with food and drink. When the protection power is insufficient, a variety of gastro-intestinal infections may occur.

TUMORS Stomach cancer causes about 15. 000 deaths annualy in the US. Early symptoms are often mistaken for indigestion and diagnosis is often delayed until it is too late for a cure.

TUMORS (Cont. -1) Any change in the customary functioning of the digestive system is important, especially after fitty. A persistent feeling of fullness, or pain before or after meals, should never be ignored. Unexplained loss of appetite or frequent nausea should always be reported.

TUMORS (Cont. -2) A tumor in the upper part of the stomach, near the opening of the esophagus, can cause obstruction and difficulty in swallowing. Benign polyp can also develops in the stomach. Sometime a stomach tumor remains “silent” and the first sign are due to the appearance of secondary growth elsewhere in the body.

ULCERATION The acid and other digestive juices secreted by the stomach sometimes attack the stomach lining. The healthy stomach is prevented from digesting itself mainly by the protective layer of mucus secreted by the lining and by the speed with which damaged surface cells are replaced by the deeper layers.

ULCERATION (Cont. -) Many influences can upset this delicate balance. One of the most important is excessive acid secretion. The resultng peptic ulcers are probably the most common serious stomach disorder.

ULCERATION (Cont. -2) Peptic ulcer are sometimes caused by stress, or by severe injury, such as major burns, accidents, and after surgery and severe infections, often they occur for no appeared reason. The stomach lining can damaged by large amounts of aspirin or alcohol, sometimes causing gastritis. This may lead to ulceration of the stomach lining.

AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS Pernicious anemia is caused by the failure of the stomach lining to produce intrinsic factor, a substance whose role is to facilitate the absorption of vitamin B 12. Failure to produce the intrinsic factor occurs if there is atrophy of the stomach lining, which also causes failure of acid production.

AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS (Cont. -) Tests that determine a person’s ability to important in the investigation of this condition. absorb vitamin B 12 are Pernicious anemia is usually due to an autoimmune disorder.

OTHER DISORDERS • Enlargement of the stomach may be caused when scarring from a chronic peptic ulcer occurs at the stomach outlet. It may also be a complication of pyloric stenosis. A rare but serious condition caused by narrowing of the stomach outlet. Rarely, the stomach may become twisted and obstructed, a condition called volvulus.

INVESTIGATION • Stomach disorders are investigated primarily by barium x-ray examinations and/or gastroscopy. • Occasionally, a biopsy ( removal of a tissue sample for microscopic analysis) is performed.

ISTILAH MEDIS SISTEM DIGESTIF • Unsur Kata Bentuk Penggabung, Prefix dan Suffix Contoh: Kata/bentuk Penggabung Prefix polyp/oleuk/o- polip (tonjolan bertangkai) putih Suffix -algia -itis rasa sakit radang Arti

Kata Bentuk Penggabung, Prefix dan Suffix Prefix Arti endo- = di dalam retro- = ke belakang Suffix Arti -centesis = punktur (tusuk) -gram = rekaman (gambar) -iasis = kondisi abnormal -(o)stomy = membentuk lubang keluar baru - pepsia = digesti - plasty = operasi plastik - (r)rhaphy = menjahit

ISTILAH GANGGUAN SYSTEM DIGESTIF 1. achalasia = menurunnya mobilitas 2/3 bagian esophagus bagian bawah disertai konstriksi otot sphincter 2. anorexia nervosa 3. aphagia = tidak mampu menelan 4. dysphagia = gangguan menelan/rasa sakit menelan = kehilangan nafsu makan disertai penurunan berat badan rasa takut yang berlebih terhadap obesitas

ISTILAH GANGGUAN SYSTEM DIGESTIF (Lanjutan-1) 5. bulimia = kondisi makan banyak kemudian dimuntahkan kembali 6. cholecystitis choledocholithiasis = radang kantung empedu = batu empedu di dalam saluran (common bile duct) = batu empedu cholelithiasis 7, 8. cirrhosis hepatoma = penyakit kronik hati disertai destruksi sel jaringan hati = tumor ganas sel hati (tumor primer)

ISTILAH GANGGUAN SYSTEM DIGESTIF (Lanjutan-2) 9. colerectal carcinoma = kanker colon (usus besar) dan rectum(dubur) 10. Crohn’s disease = penyakit peradangan kronik ileum disetai ulserasi (memborok) dinding usus dan terbentuknya jaringan parut (cicatrix) = regional ileitis = regional enteritis. 11. diarrhea = pengeluaran feces cair yang berulang-ulang (> 3 -4 x) 12. 13. diverticulitis diverticulum = radang diverticulum = tonjolan kantung di dalam dinding usus (>> di usus colon)

ISTILAH GANGGUAN SYSTEM DIGESTIF (Lanjutan-3) 14. duodenal ulcer = tukak duodeni 15. dysentry = infeksi usus oleh bakteri, virus dan mikroba lain disertai radang mukosa dan feces cair berkali-kali, berlendir dan berdarah. 16. 17. dyspepsia dysphagia 18. emaciation = keadaan terlalu langsing/ kurus/ceking = rasa sakit menelan = sulit menelan

ISTILAH GANGGUAN SYSTEM DIGESTIF (Lanjutan-4) 19. eructation 20. flatus = sendawa/mengeluarkan udara dari mulut = buang angin/kentut 21. gastrodynia/gastralgia = sakit bagian perut/lambung 22. gastroenteritis = radang lambung dan usus 23. (GERD) Gastro-Enteritis Reflux Disease = reflux (aliran balik) atau gerak mundur kembali isi lambung ke dalam esofagus 24. Gingivitis = radang gusi

ISTILAH GANGGUAN SYSTEM DIGESTIF (Lanjutan-5) 25. hematemesis = muntah darah 26. hepatitis = radang hati 27. hernia = tonjolan ke luar suatu organ dalam melalui lubang suatu rongga yang dindingnya lemah (burut) 28. herpetic stomatitis = radang mulut akibat infeksi herpes virus (= cold sore, blister) 29. melena = feces berwarna hilam 30. hematechezia = perdarahan rectum

ISTILAH GANGGUAN SYSTEM DIGESTIF (Lanjutan-6) 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. peritonitis = radang peritoneum sialolithiasis = batu saliva (air ludah) pruritis ani = rasa gatal pada dubur (IBS) Irritable Bowel Syndrome = peningkatan motilitas usus kecil/besar, disertai rasa sakit, kembung, mual dan colon spastik polyposis chronic = tonjolan polyp di dalam usus besar (colon) oral leukoplakia = palque berwarna putih pada selaput lendir dalam mulut. ileus = obstrukri usus volvulus = usus terbelit-belit.

LATIHAN (1) • Tulis/sebutkan arti: … 1. cholecys/o- = 2. duoden/o- = 3. enter/o- = 4. proct/o- = 5. sigmoid/o- = 6. lapar/o= 7. lith/o= 8. gastr/o= 9. chol/e= 10. hepat/o=

Latihan (2) • Bentuklah unsur kata penggabung istilah di bawah ini dan sebut artinya: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. abdomen appendix anus bile gaster cheek common bile duct Fat jejunum lips abdomin/o … … … … , , , … =… =… =…