TM 6014 Research Methodology Lecture 4 Research Methodology

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TM 6014 Research Methodology Lecture 4 Research Methodology and Research Design 1

TM 6014 Research Methodology Lecture 4 Research Methodology and Research Design 1

Research Process • 4 steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. To determine what type of

Research Process • 4 steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. To determine what type of research to be done. To plan how to do the research To do the research. To deliver the research output 2

Developing Research Problem • To determine what type of research to be carried out.

Developing Research Problem • To determine what type of research to be carried out. • Must be based on current knowledge • Importance of literature review. *Do not confuse between this hypothesis and the statistical hypothesis. Current Knowledge New Knowledge (Hypothesis) proof Thesis 3

Determining How To Do The Research Current • Hypothesis needs to be proved. •

Determining How To Do The Research Current • Hypothesis needs to be proved. • The methodology that is used to proof a hypothesis is called the research methodology. • Depends on the type of hypothesis. Knowledge New Knowledge (Hypothesis) proof Thesis 4

Conceptual Framework • From LR, we will identify a lot of concepts related to

Conceptual Framework • From LR, we will identify a lot of concepts related to the proposed research project. • To build a good research proposal, we need to identify relationship between these concepts. • Types of relationship: – Cause-effect relationship – Co-relational relationship 5

Conceptual Framework • Cause-Effect relationship Use of Automation Increase of Productivity 6

Conceptual Framework • Cause-Effect relationship Use of Automation Increase of Productivity 6

Conceptual Framework • Co-relational relationship Use of Automation Increase of Productivity 7

Conceptual Framework • Co-relational relationship Use of Automation Increase of Productivity 7

Research Model • The conceptual framework can be extended into a research model. 8

Research Model • The conceptual framework can be extended into a research model. 8

Research Model Business Strategies Increase of Profit Manufacturing Strategies Increase of Productivity Automation Investment

Research Model Business Strategies Increase of Profit Manufacturing Strategies Increase of Productivity Automation Investment Systems, Machines, Operations, Training Impact of Automation 9

Variables • Concept is subjective. Every person will have different understanding of a certain

Variables • Concept is subjective. Every person will have different understanding of a certain concept. • Examples: – A rich man – A big organization – A good Interface. – A high quality software 10

Variables • To make our research more objective – we need to identified variables

Variables • To make our research more objective – we need to identified variables involved. • Variables must be measurable. 11

Variables Concepts Variables A rich man A big organization A good interface 12

Variables Concepts Variables A rich man A big organization A good interface 12

Variables Concepts A rich man Variables Annual Income > RM 1 million Total asset

Variables Concepts A rich man Variables Annual Income > RM 1 million Total asset > RM 20 millions A big organization A good interface 13

Variables Concepts A rich man A big organization Variables Annual Income > RM 1

Variables Concepts A rich man A big organization Variables Annual Income > RM 1 million Total asset > RM 20 millions No of employees > 100, 000 people Total revenue > RM 100 millions A good interface 14

Research Methodology • The conceptual framework and research model can be used to decide

Research Methodology • The conceptual framework and research model can be used to decide on the suitable research methodology to be used. 15

Research Methodology • Some of the methodologies: – – – Fieldwork Library Studies Survey

Research Methodology • Some of the methodologies: – – – Fieldwork Library Studies Survey Formal Method Experiment Prototype Development 16

Research Methodology The first Malaysian civilisation was in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, in the tenth

Research Methodology The first Malaysian civilisation was in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, in the tenth century B. C. Fieldwork Library Studies There is no integers a, b and c such that an+bn = cn, for n > 2. Survey Big companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping 17

Research Methodology The first malaysian civilisation was in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, in the tenth

Research Methodology The first malaysian civilisation was in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, in the tenth century B. C. Fieldwork Library Studies There is no integers a, b and c such that an+bn = cn, for n > 2. Survey Big companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping 18

Research Methodology The first malaysian civilisation was in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, in the tenth

Research Methodology The first malaysian civilisation was in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, in the tenth century B. C. Fieldwork Library Studies There is no integers a, b and c such that an+bn = cn, for n > 2. Survey Big companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping 19

Research Methodology The first malaysian civilisation was in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, in the tenth

Research Methodology The first malaysian civilisation was in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, in the tenth century B. C. Fieldwork Library Studies There is no integers a, b and c such that an+bn = cn, for n > 2. Survey Big companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping 20

Research Methodology We can split a Helium atom to form two Hydrogen atoms to

Research Methodology We can split a Helium atom to form two Hydrogen atoms to obtain safe nuclear energy. Fieldwork By using the material proposed in this research, we can build a cheaper houses. Survey The first written Islamic law was the Malaccan law. Library Studies Formal Method Experiment Prototyping 21

Research Methodology We can split a Helium atom to form two Hydrogen atoms to

Research Methodology We can split a Helium atom to form two Hydrogen atoms to obtain safe nuclear energy. Fieldwork By using the material proposed in this research, we can build a cheaper houses. Survey The first written Islamic law was the Malaccan law. Library Studies Formal Method Experiment Prototyping 22

Research Methodology We can split a Helium atom to form two Hydrogen atoms to

Research Methodology We can split a Helium atom to form two Hydrogen atoms to obtain safe nuclear energy. Fieldwork By using the material proposed in this research, we can build a cheaper houses. Survey The first written Islamic law was the Malaccan law. Library Studies Formal Method Experiment Prototyping 23

Research Methodology We can split a Helium atom to form two Hydrogen atoms to

Research Methodology We can split a Helium atom to form two Hydrogen atoms to obtain safe nuclear energy. Fieldwork By using the material proposed in this research, we can build a cheaper houses. Survey The first written Islamic law was the Malaccan law. Library Studies Formal Method Experiment Prototyping 24

Research Methodology in IT • Research methodology to be used depends on the research

Research Methodology in IT • Research methodology to be used depends on the research types and objectives. • All of the research must be based on the IT conceptual framework. 25

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies.

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. . Fieldwork We can develop a software to mark essays automatically. . . Library Studies The use icon-based user interface will make it easier for primary schools’ students to use a software. Survey The first computer was invented by a Muslim scientist by the name of Jamsyid al-Kasyi in Samarkand. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping By representing program mathematically, we can prove whether the program is correct or not. 26

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies.

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. . Fieldwork We can develop a software to mark essays automatically. . . Library Studies The use icon-based user interface will make it easier for primary schools’ students to use a software. Survey The first computer was invented by a Muslim scientist by the name of Jamsyid al-Kasyi in Samarkand. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping By representing program mathematically, we can prove whether the program is correct or not. 27

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies.

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. . Fieldwork We can develop a software to mark essays automatically. . . Library Studies The use icon-based user interface will make it easier for primary schools’ students to use a software. Survey The first computer was invented by a Muslim scientist by the name of Jamsyid al-Kasyi in Samarkand. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping By representing program mathematically, we can prove whether the program is correct or not. 28

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies.

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. . Fieldwork We can develop a software to mark essays automatically. . . Library Studies The use icon-based user interface will make it easier for primary schools’ students to use a software. Survey The first computer was invented by a Muslim scientist by the name of Jamsyid al-Kasyi in Samarkand. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping By representing program mathematically, we can prove whether the program is correct or not. 29

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies.

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. . Fieldwork We can develop a software to mark essays automatically. . . Library Studies The use icon-based user interface will make it easier for primary schools’ students to use a software. Survey The first computer was invented by a Muslim scientist by the name of Jamsyid al-Kasyi in Samarkand. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping By representing program mathematically, we can prove whether the program is correct or not. 30

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies.

Research Methodology in IT Bigger companies use higher level of automation that smaller companies. . Fieldwork We can develop a software to mark essays automatically. . . Library Studies The use icon-based user interface will make it easier for primary schools’ students to use a software. Survey The first computer was invented by a Muslim scientist by the name of Jamsyid al-Kasyi in Samarkand. Experiment Formal Method Prototyping By representing program mathematically, we can prove whether the program is correct or not. 31

Research Design • After the methodology has been identified. • The aim of research

Research Design • After the methodology has been identified. • The aim of research design is to plan the strategy that will be used in research implementation. 32

Research Design • Must identify List of tasks. • If it involves data collection,

Research Design • Must identify List of tasks. • If it involves data collection, identify how this will be done. • Identify “milestone” and “deliverables”. • Determine time needed for each task. • Determine the cost for each task. 33

Gantt Chart • To indicate research activities Tasks 1 J F M A M

Gantt Chart • To indicate research activities Tasks 1 J F M A M J J O Literature review 2 3 4 Milestone 1 Completion of LR document 34

Gantt Chart for Master Project (Partial) Tasks 1 Literature review 2 Development of the

Gantt Chart for Master Project (Partial) Tasks 1 Literature review 2 Development of the prototype 3 Evaluation 4 Thesis Writing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Milestone 1 LR document 2 Software prototype 3 Software evaluation document 35

Research Design • Survey Research (Quantitative): – – – – – Determine Research Questions

Research Design • Survey Research (Quantitative): – – – – – Determine Research Questions Determine Statistical Hypothesis Construct survey instrument Do pilot test to determine the validity of the instrument Determine method for data collection Population and sampel selection Data Collection Statistical data analysis Report Writing 36

Research Design • Survey Research (Qualitative): – – – – Determine Research Questions Construct

Research Design • Survey Research (Qualitative): – – – – Determine Research Questions Construct survey Instrument Do pilot test to measure the validity of the instrument Determine method of data collection – interview, observation, focus group Population and sample selection Data Collection Qualitative data analysis Report Writing 37

Research Design • Experiment: – – – Determine all the variables. Determine steps in

Research Design • Experiment: – – – Determine all the variables. Determine steps in to do the experiment. Determine control experiment. Do the experiment and the control experiment Data Analysis Report Writing 38

Research Design • Prototype Development: – Problem analysis to determine the software specification –

Research Design • Prototype Development: – Problem analysis to determine the software specification – Software Design – Software Implementation • Consider the use of software components • Use “rapid prototyping” technique – Software Testing – Analyze result – Report Writing 39

Research Design • Formal Methods: – Problem analysis – Determine the suitable formal model

Research Design • Formal Methods: – Problem analysis – Determine the suitable formal model to be used: : • Analytic Model • Stochastic Model • Computational Model – Develop the model – Analyze the model by using suitable technique – Report Writing 40

Research Design • Library Research: – – Determine research questions Search for materials in

Research Design • Library Research: – – Determine research questions Search for materials in order to answer the questions Analyze findings Report Writing 41

Research Design • Most of the researches need to use more than one methodology.

Research Design • Most of the researches need to use more than one methodology. 42

Research Design • Example 1: A research may involves – To obtain users requirements

Research Design • Example 1: A research may involves – To obtain users requirements Survey Research – To develop a prototype Prototype Development – To evaluate the effectiveness of the software Experiment 43

Research Design • Example 2: A research may involves – To develop a new

Research Design • Example 2: A research may involves – To develop a new technique Library Research – To develop a prototype Prototype development – To determine the effectiveness of the technique Formal method. 44

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