Titon Chapter 6 Asia India contd RHYTHM Based

Titon – Chapter 6 Asia / India (cont’d)

RHYTHM • Based on Rhythmic cycles (similar to Meter…but much MORE) • Division of time by regular beats (MATRA) • 1 st beat of cycle [most important] (SAM) • One group of beats [measure] (VIBHAG), [not all cycles of equal weight] • Complete cycle (AVARTAN) • Each cycle a unique pattern (called TAL or TALA or TAALA)

COUNTING JHAPTAL • • CLAP 2 3 WAVE 2 CLAP 2 3 • Ex. JHAPTAL. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 speed of tatkar in jhaptal • Ex. Jhaptal tabla demo – You. Tube • Ex. Ravi Shankar, Alla Rakha - Tabla Solo in Jhaptal - You. Tube

Tabla Making in Kolkata

TABLA “Tabla” (“on the right”) “Duggi” (“on the left”)

Modern Tabla (“bolt tuned”) List price: $ 418 (on sale: $ 313 plus S&H) Tabla for sale

David Courtney Videos • You. Tube - Introduction to the Tabla - Part 1 Bol and Gharana • You. Tube - Introduction to the Tabla - Part 2 Parts and Tuning • You. Tube - Introduction to the Tabla - Part 3 Sitting & Hand Position

Learning & Playing Tabla • Taught by rote (no written music used) • Variety of strokes - area of drum head struck - finger(s) used - manner of stroke • Taught Mnenomically with “Bols” • Ex. : Dha, Din, Ga, Ta, Na, Ti, Ka, Tin, Tu, etc. • Basic Alphabets/ Bols Of Tabla - Basics of Tabla

Web & Video Examples of Bols • Website: Basic Technique of Tabla [written] • Tabla Basic Bols • You. Tube - Zakir Hussain lecture and demonstration of tabla • You. Tube - 1. Tabla Basics - Basic sound 'Na‘ • You. Tube - 2. Tabla Basics - Basic sound 'Tha‘ • You. Tube - 3. Tabla Basics - Basic sound 'Thun' • You. Tube - 4. Tabla Basics - Basic sound 'Thi' • You. Tube - 5. Tabla Basics - Basic sound 'ghe'

North Indian Improvisation • Ustad Allarakha Qureshi (1919 – 2000) - popularly known as Alla Rakha - frequently worked w/ Ravi Shankar • Solos based in Jhaptal (2 -3 -2 -3) • Use of Bols to demonstrate rhythmic ideas • Coordination of solo phrases w/ Tal - aim for Sam (beat one of cycle) • Ravi Shankar, Alla Rakha - Tabla Solo in Jhaptal – You. Tube (8: 24)

Indian Classical Performance • Improvisation (not pre-composed) • Pitch – based on Raga (scales, but more) [covered in previous class] • Rhythm – based on Tala (meters, but more) [covered today] • Process of “unfolding” the Raga - movement from low to high - rhythmic movement from slow to fast

Organization of Group Improvisation • Alap – opening section, free rhythm (no drums), establishes the Raga • Jor (Jod) – drums enter, regular rhythm (Tala) established • Jahla – fast, virtuosic concluding section • Gat – fixed (pre-composed) tune featured in last section [OPTIONAL]

Some Concert Performances • Nat Bhairav - Alap, Jor, Jhalla, and Vilimbit Teental Gat • Shahid Parvez - sitar - Rag Bageshree - Alap, Jor and Jhala - (part 1/2) • Ustad Shahid Parvez - sitar - Rag Bageshree - (part 2/2) [Ektal] • Raga Yaman, Alaap, Jor, Jhala [Bansuri, no tabla] • 2002 -0503 Evening Program, Shubhendra Rao Concert at Sahastrara Puja, Cabella, Italy (to c. 1: 06)