Title The Tire Industry Project Tires Road Wear

Title The Tire Industry Project Tires Road Wear Particles (TRWP) – Update on PM 2. 5 Study Julie Panko Principal Health Scientist Cardno Chem. Risk, LLC March 2015 1 1

Tire Industry Project (TIP) • Eleven global tire companies representing 70% of tires produced worldwide o Three co-chair companies: Bridgestone, Goodyear, Michelin o Technical support provided by Chem. Risk, LLC, scientific consulting firm. o Project management by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development Goal : Anticipate the potential long term environmental and health issues relating to tire materials and Tire & Road Wear Particles that could impact the tire industry globally 2

Background • Contribution to ambient PM 10 from TRWP was found to be negligible (<1% on average) • Public authorities concerns are now more and more focused on PM 2. 5 rather than on PM 10 therefore a study was designed to measure TRWP in the PM 2. 5 fraction of ambient air 3

Global PM 2. 5 Sampling Program • Objective: Quantify TRWP in ambient PM 2. 5 to understand contribution to total PM 2. 5 and variability. • Status: Sampling in 2 of the 3 cities is complete (Los Angeles and Tokyo) and study in London is underway. • Next Steps: Finish the sampling in London and analyze the samples. 4

Sample Results for Greater Los Angeles • Overview - Los Angeles: – Sampling was conducted from July 15 - 23, 2014. – Six locations were established • • • LA-1: Pico Rivera LA-2: Compton LA-3: Anaheim LA-4: Exposition Park LA-5: Long Beach LA-6: Mira Loma Expo park④ ③Anaheim ①Pico Rivera ②Compton ⑥Mira Loma ⑤Long Beach http: //www. mapquest. com/us/ca/los-angeles – TRWP was consistently detected in the samples from LA-1, but not the other locations. – TRWP ranged from 0. 19 – 1. 3% of total PM 2. 5 at LA-1. 5

TRWP – Los Angeles Sampling Total PM 2. 5 (ug/m 3) TRWP in PM 2. 5 (ug/m 3) % TRWP Traffic Counts (x 1000) LA-1: Pico Rivera 7. 07 0. 042 0. 59 20 -255 LA-2: Compton 5. 00 N. D. * N. D. 1 -225 LA-3: Anaheim 6. 14 N. D. 256 LA-4: Exposition Park 12. 9 N. D. 25 -288 LA-5: Long Beach 6. 26 N. D. 20 -280 LA-6: Mira Loma 10. 9 N. D. 18 -362 Average 8. 1 N. D. level --- Sample Number ü Sampling was conducted from July 15 - 23, 2014. ü TRWP was only detected in the sample of “Pico Rivera”. ü Total PM 2. 5 was very low. * N. D. = Non Detected Expo park④ ③Anaheim ①Pico Rivera ②Compton ⑥Mira Loma ⑤Long Beach http: //www. mapquest. com/us/ca/los-angeles 6

Sample Results for Greater Tokyo • Overview - Greater Tokyo – Sampling was conducted from July 15 - 23, 2014. – Four locations were established • Site A: Kawasaki city, Kanagawa Pref. (PM 2. 5 and PM 10) • Site B: Setagaya ward, Tokyo, Ring road No. 8, (PM 2. 5 and PM 10) • Site C: Machida city, Tokyo, Suburban way (PM 2. 5) • Site D: Shinagawa ward, Tokyo, Route 15 (PM 2. 5) – Total PM 2. 5 was lower than expected and ranged from 1015 ug/m 3 ④Machida ②Setagaya ③Shinagawa ①Kawasaki http: //www. mapquest. com/maps? city=Tokyo&country =JP 7

TRWP – Tokyo Sampling Total PM 2. 5 (ug/m 3) TRWP in PM 2. 5 (ug/m 3) % TRWP Traffic Counts (x 1000) TKO-1: Kawasaki 15. 2 0. 023 0. 18 37 TKO-2: Setagaya 11. 6 0. 038 0. 33 66 TKO-3: Machida 11. 2 0. 012 0. 10 16 TKO-4: Shinagawa 12. 0 0. 015 0. 13 52 12. 5 0. 022 0. 18 --- Sample Number Average ü Sampling was conducted from September 10 -26, 2014. ü TRWP was lower than expected and ranged from 10 -15μg/cm 3. ü Average contribution of TRWP to total PM 2. 5 was 0. 18%. ④Machida ②Setagaya ③Shinagawa ①Kawasaki http: //www. mapquest. com/maps? city=Tokyo&country=JP 8

TRWP – London Sampling Sample Number Total PM 2. 5 (ug/m 3) TRWP in PM 2. 5 (ug/m 3) % TRWP Traffic Counts LON-1: Marylebone Road LON-2: Brent LON-3: Camden LON-4: Blackwall Tunnel LON-5: GW*, Westhorne LON-6: GW, Bexley LON-7: North Kensington Average *GW = Greenwich ü Sampling will be conducted by the end of March, 2015 with the collaboration with Kings College. Sampling will be carried out at 6 locations Results from London’s sampling : june 2015. 9

London 1 Site 1 – Marylebone Road - Distance from road: 2 m Traffic count: 71, 073/day Site 2: Brent, North Circular Distance from road: 2 m Traffic count: 84, 300/day Site 3: Camden, Swiss Cottage Distance from road: 1. 5 m Traffic count: 39, 549/day Site 4: Tower Hamlets Blackwall Distance from road: 4 m Traffic count: 73, 968/day 2 3 4 10

London Site 5: Greenwich, Westhorne Distance from road: 12 m Traffic count: 36, 157/day Site 6: Greenwich Bexley; A 20 Distance from road: 12 m Traffic count: 98, 132/day Site 7: Urban Background (North Kensington) Distance from road: ~60 m from major roads Traffic count: not available 5 6 7 11

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