Title Stunning Seashells Theme Seashells of the Pacific

Title: Stunning Seashells Theme: Seashells of the Pacific Presented by Rachel Urbano WWIDEA Cyber Science Fair 2007

Collection

Gastropods l Name: Money Cowry From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¾ - 1 in. l l l Name: Tiger Cowry From: Honolulu, Hawaii Collected When: June 2005 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 3 in. l l l Juvenile Cowries From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¼ - 1 ½ in. l l l Various Cowries From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 – 2 ½ in. l l

Gastropods l Name: Mottled Top From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¼ - ½ in l l l Name: Common Button Top From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: March 23, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¼ - 1 in. l l l Name: Cone Shaped Top From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¼ - 1 ¾ in. l l l Various Top Shells From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 – 1 ¼ in. l l

Gastropods l Name: Hebrew Cone From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¾ - 1 in. l l l Name: Tessellate Cone From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 ½ - 2 in. l l l Various Cone Shells From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¼ - 2 in. l l l Moon Shells From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: June 2006 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¾ - 2 in. l l

Labels l l l Other Moon Shells From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¾ - 1 in. l l l l Nerites From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan and Santa Barbara, California, USA Collected When: April 2003 (California) and March 16, 2007 (Okinawa) Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ½ - 1 ½ in. Limpets From: Santa Barbara, California, USA and Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: April 2003 (California) and March 16, 2007 (Okinawa) Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¾ - 1 in. l l l l Velvety Buccinum Shell From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: June 2006 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 2 in. Murex Shell From: Honolulu, Hawaii Collected When: June 2005 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 3 ½ in. Bubble Shell From: Miss Veedol Beach. Misawa, Japan Collected When: June 2006 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 ¼ in. Tower Screw Shell From: Honolulu, Hawaii Collected When: June 2005 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 3 ½ in.

Gastropods l l l l l Name: Red Abalone From: Santa Barbara, California, USA Collected When: April 2003 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 4 in. Other Abalone From: Santa Barbara, California, USA Collected When: April 2003 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 3 in. …More Abalone From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: June 2006 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 2 ¼ - 3 in. Glans Nassa From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 ¼ in.

Labels l l l l l Name: Purple Dwarf Olive Shell From: Santa Barbara, California, USA Collected When: April 2003 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¾ - 1 in. l Latirus Shells From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan and Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 (Okinawa) and June 2006 (Miss Veedol) Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¾ - 1 ¼ in. l l l l Triton Shell From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 ½ in. l l l Convoluted False Trition From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 ¼ in. Spindle Shell From: Honolulu, Hawaii Collected When: June 2005 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: Changeable Conch From: White Beach, Okinawa, Japan Collected When: March 16, 2007 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 in.

Gastropods l l l Petrified Seashells From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: June 2006 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 2 ¼ and 4 in.

Bivalves l l l l l Scallops From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan and Santa Barbara, California, USA Collected When: June 2006 (Miss Veedol) and April 2003 (Santa Barbara) Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 ½ - 5 ½ in. Cockle Shells From: Santa Barbara, California, USA Collected When: April 2003 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: ¾ - 1 ¼ in.

Bivalves l l l Surf Shells From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: June 2006 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 – 4 ½ in.

Bivalves l Oyster Shells From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: June 2006 Collected By: Rachel Urbano l Size: 2 – 2 ½ in. l Muscle Shells From: Miss Veedol Beach, Misawa, Japan Collected When: June 2006 Collected By: Rachel Urbano Size: 1 ½ - 2 ¾ in. l l l l

Interpretation l Seashells l Gastropod l Bivalve Seashells

Seashells are the exoskeletons of marine organisms. They are mainly made of calcium carbonate, but can also be composed of nacre (more commonly known as mother of pearl), chitin, bone, cartilage, or silica. A seashell is essentially the secretion of a marine animal from the classes of Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, and Cephalopoda in the phylum Mollusca. The shell grows with the animal it houses, and if the animal goes through any injuries or harsh conditions it will often be reflected on the seashell. Once the animal dies the shell usually outlasts the animal for many, many years.

Gastropod Seashells Gastropod shells form as a coil around an imaginary axis. These shells grow around the open end of a tube, and coils or wraps around itself in order to avoid a bulky, long tube. Another name for these shells is univalve because it is in one piece. Gastropods can vary greatly in size and shape from shells shaped like pears or clubs to irregular shapes.

Bivalve Seashells Bivalve animals are solely aquatic and they a comprised of two parts, hence the name bivalve. Instead of coiling around like a gastropod these shells grow outward in one direction. The animal adds growth to the edges of the valves. The valves are connected by a ligament. Like Gastropods these shells vary in appearance.

Method of Collecting The method by which I obtained my collection was by casual beachcombing. I walked the beaches not looking for an exact specimen, but keeping an eye out for any interesting shells.

Sources of Information l Books – l S. Peter Dance, Shells, Dorling Kindersly Ltd. , London, 1992 Web sites – www. wikipedia. org l l l http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Seashell http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gastropods http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bivalve

Acknowledgements I thank my mother for taking me to the beaches to collect my specimens and helping me to identify and organize my shells.