Title RELATION BETWEEN HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL WITH

Title: RELATION BETWEEN HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL WITH HEALTH-PROMOTING BEHAVIORS of PEOPLE OVER 15 YEARS OLD By: Teamur Aghamolaei, Amin Ghanbarnejad Reserch Center for Social determinants of Health Promotion, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 1

2 Introduction • Julian B Rotter in 1954. • locus of control refers to the extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them.

3 Introduction • Individuals with a strong internal locus of control believe events in their life derive primarily from their own actions. • People with a strong external locus of control tend to praise or blame external factors

4 Introduction • Wallston et al. (Health Locus of Control) • Internal • Powerful Other • Chance

5 Aim • To Study relation between Health Locus of Control (HLC) with Health Promoting Behaviors (HPB) of people over 15 years old in Bandar Abbas, Iran.

6 Methods • Population based study • Population study: people over 15 years old • Be able to answer the items • Cluster sampling

7 Methods • Sample Size: 753 • To omit cluster sampling effect: +10% • 38 cluster from different areas of the city • In each cluster 22 individual • Totally: 836

8 Data Collection • Wallston scales • Forms: A, B, C • In This Study: Form A • Form A: • Internal • Chance • Powerful Other

9 Data Collection • Form A including 18 items: Likert 1(strongly disagree) to 6 (Strongly Agree) • Internal: Six items, 6 -36 • Chance: Six items, 6 -36 • Powerful Other, Six Items, 6 -36

10 Data Collection • Health Promoting Behaviors was assessed by Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II • This scale has 52 items: Likert: 1 -5 • Six subscales including: • Social Support • Spiritual Growth • Health Responsibility • Stress Management • Nutrition Behaviors • Physical Activity

11 Data Analysis • SPSS 19 Software • Repeated measure Design • T-test • Pearson Correlation • Multiple Regression

12 Results • From 836 subjects 687 answered all of items of scales (Response rate=82. 8%) • The mean age of subjects was 34. 3 years (SD=12. 1) ranging from 15 to 82. • 49. 8% male and 50. 2% female

13 Table 1: Health Locus of Control in studied people SD Mean Locus of Control 1. 4 30. 3 Internal 6. 5 21. 5 Chance 5. 1 30. 2 Powerful Other

14 Table 2: Comparison of HLC between males and females p. value SD Mean Sex 0. 54 4. 04 4. 11 0. 42 6. 3 6. 8 0. 62 5. 1 4. 8 30. 4 30. 2 21. 7 21. 3 30. 2 30. 4 male female Locus of Control Internal Chance Powerful Other

15 Table 3: Correlation Between HLC with age (Pearson Correlation) p. value correlation Locus of Control <0. 001 0. 13 Internal 0. 13 0. 06 <0. 001 0. 16 Chance Powerful other ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻧی کﻨﺘﺮﻝ کﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺳﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ . یﺎﺑﺪ ﻣی ﺍﻓﺰﺍیﺶ ﺩیگﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ

16 Table 4: Correlation between HPB with HLC 4 3 2 1 0. 36* Internal 2 - 0. 26 0. 13 Chance 3 - 0. 29* 0. 46* 0. 40* Powerful Other 4 - *significant Variables HPB 1 -

17 Table 5: Prediction of HPB throw HLC Sig. t Beta SE B Variables 0. 000 9. 32 6. 10 56. 91 Constant <0. 001 6. 05 0. 23 0. 21 1. 27 Internal 0. 66 -0. 43 -0. 01 0. 12 -0. 05 Chance <0. 001 7. 58 0. 29 0. 17 1. 31 Powerful other

18 Table 6: Prediction of Social Support throw HLC Sig. t Beta SE B Variables 0. 000 7. 43 1. 21 9. 05 Constant <0. 001 4. 65 0. 18 0. 04 0. 19 Internal 0. 43 0. 77 0. 03 0. 02 Chance <0. 001 8. 49 0. 33 0. 03 0. 29 Powerful other

19 Table 7: Prediction of Nutritional behaviors throw HLC Sig. t Beta SE B 0. 000 8. 37 1. 31 10. 97 Constant <0. 001 6. 02 0. 23 0. 04 0. 27 Internal -1. 59 -0. 06 0. 03 -0. 04 Chance 0. 11 <0. 001 6. 69 0. 26 0. 04 0. 24 Variables Powerful other

20 Table 8: Prediction of Health Responsibility throw HLC Sig. t Beta SE B 0. 000 4. 15 1. 41 5. 85 Constant <0. 001 3. 10 0. 13 0. 05 0. 16 Internal -0. 02 -0. 001 0. 03 -0. 001 Chance 7. 83 0. 04 0. 31 0. 98 <0. 001 0. 31 Variables Powerful other

21 Table 9: Prediction of Physical Activity throw HLC Sig. t Beta SE B Variables 0. 000 6. 66 1. 68 11. 25 Constant <0. 003 2. 95 0. 12 0. 06 0. 17 Internal 0. 99 0. 006 0. 000 0. 03 0. 000 Chance 0. 82 -0. 22 -0. 01 0. 05 -0. 01 Powerful other

22 Table 10: Prediction of Stress Management throw HLC Sig. t Beta SE B 0. 000 5. 78 1. 22 7. 07 Constant <0. 001 5. 19 0. 21 0. 04 0. 21 Internal -0. 11 -0. 004 0. 02 -0. 003 Chance 5. 86 0. 04 0. 20 0. 91 <0. 001 0. 24 Variables Powerful other

23 Table 11: Prediction of Spiritual growth throw HLC Sig. t Beta SE B Variables 0. 000 9. 22 1. 37 12. 71 Constant <0. 001 5. 25 0. 21 0. 05 0. 25 Internal 0. 33 -0. 96 -0. 03 Chance <0. 001 6. 80 0. 27 0. 04 0. 26 Powerful other

24 Discussion • As the result showed there was direct correlation between age with internal health locus of control and powerful other. • In Grotz et al. study in Germany there was direct correlation between age with powerful other and chance. • In Kuwahara et al. study in Japan there was direct correlation between age with all subscales of HLC.

25 Discussion • As the results showed Internal health locus of control and powerful other predict HPB. • Studies have shown that people with Internal health locus of control, more intend to take behaviors that can prevent disease and promote their health. • In Grotz et al. study, people with high scores in chance had less physical activity. • In Norman et al. study, people with high scores in internal health locus of control had more physical activity and better nutritional behaviors.

26 Conclusion • HLC of Studied people is more internal followed by powerful other and is less by chance. • Internal health locus of control and powerful other predict HPB. • To increase knowledge of people regarding determinants of health and empower of them in order to promote internal health locus of control and finally improve HPB is recommended.

27 • Thanks for Your Attention