Titanium The heaviest light metal Dan Snitkovsky Uniweld

Titanium – The heaviest light metal 0, 5 g/cm³ Lithium light metal 4, 5

TITANIUM, Part of the IVb group of the table of the elements (titanium, zirconium,

Advantages l l l l Highest corrosion resistance Good oxidation resistance at < 600°C

Turbine engine construction Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Application turbine Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Implant in the dentistry Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Implant, turbo charger, turbine industry Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Lynx helicopter rotor Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Defense industry Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Attention: At more than 9% aluminium dangerous brittle intermetallic phases can be developed This

Attention: Not more than 0, 1% O 2 in titanium, otherwise: l no corrosion

Attention: No H 2 – enemy no. 1 !! Has to be less than

Attention: No N 2 ! Embrittlement starts at 0, 3 weight% Oxygen equivalent contamination

Tensile strength: Unalloyed titanium has 290 up to 740 N/mm² Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

Higher tensile strength is only achieved by alloying: Ti 6 Al 4 V unalloyed

( + ) = standard alloy since 1940 in USA start of production for

Selection of filler metal for welding Because of ductility choose always one grade/step „lower“

Brazing: Most frequently silver-based Short dwell period required, otherwise phaseformation, for this reason small

Electron beam welding l Vacuom 10(-4) Torr Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Titanium WIG – special arrangements Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Orbital welds Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Titanium MIG – special arrangements Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Titanium MIG – special arrangements Teflon innerliner top wire feeding properties l Non-sensitive to

RCU 5000 i Remote Control Unit Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

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Titanium – The heaviest light metal Dan Snitkovsky Uniweld Israel FRONIUS International Gmb. H Buxbaumstr. 2 4600 Wels Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Titanium – The heaviest light metal 0, 5 g/cm³ Lithium light metal 4, 5 g/cm³ Heavy metal Titanium 5 g/cm³ Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

TITANIUM, Part of the IVb group of the table of the elements (titanium, zirconium, hafnium) Vb group (Vanadium, niobium, tantalum ) Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Titanium Part of the IVb group of the table of the elements (titanium, zirconium, hafnium) Vb group (vanadium, niobium, tantalum ) Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Advantages l l l l Highest corrosion resistance Good oxidation resistance at < 600°C Low density High specific strength Excellent yield strength Outstanding biocompatibility Excellent decoration ability Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Turbine engine construction Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Application turbine Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Implant in the dentistry Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Implant, turbo charger, turbine industry Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Lynx helicopter rotor Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Defense industry Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Attention: At more than 9% aluminium dangerous brittle intermetallic phases can be developed This is the reason that titanium is only available with max. 8% Al. Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Attention: Not more than 0, 1% O 2 in titanium, otherwise: l no corrosion resistance l no weldability l no more ductility Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Attention: No H 2 – enemy no. 1 !! Has to be less than 10 -3 (0, 001%) otherwise l Embrittlement l Drops out HYDRIDE PHASE Solubility H 2 at 300°C = 18 weight% Solubility H 2 at RT only = 0, 002 weight% Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Attention: No N 2 ! Embrittlement starts at 0, 3 weight% Oxygen equivalent contamination in (weight%) Q = (O 2) + 2 (N 2) + 2/3 (C) Hardness (HB) depends on (O 2) : HB = 40 + 310 Q Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Tensile strength: Unalloyed titanium has 290 up to 740 N/mm² Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Higher tensile strength is only achieved by alloying: Ti 6 Al 4 V unalloyed titanium other alloys Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

( + ) = standard alloy since 1940 in USA start of production for the first time in 1954 „Pratt+Whitney / General Electric“ at turbines (3. 7164) = Ti 6 Al 4 V 90% 6% 4% has 900 bis 1300 N/mm² At 300°C long term performance is OK, but turbines have to fulfill higher demands - more about that later Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Selection of filler metal for welding Because of ductility choose always one grade/step „lower“ undermatched wire. Anyway the seam will be 50 HB harder than the base material. Reason: unintentional amalgamation with O 2/N 2 Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Brazing: Most frequently silver-based Short dwell period required, otherwise phaseformation, for this reason small parts only. Brazing with: l Ti 15 Ni 15 Cu (953° – 970°C) fair wetting behavior, but corrosion resistance is ok, furthermore the mechanical properties are better. l Ti 48 Zr 4 Be (898° – 926°C) good wetting behavior, but worse brazing results for the rest l As solder for titanium you may also use: Al 99, 5 / Al. Mn / Al. Si 12 Ca. 680° – 690°C Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius

Titanium MIG – special arrangements Teflon innerliner top wire feeding properties l Non-sensitive to high temperatures l less abrasion in the innerliner Teflon drive rolls because titanium is very soft and sensitive regarding feeding and contamination Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius