Tissues Groups of cells similar in structure and

Tissues • Groups of cells similar in structure and function • Types of tissues • Epithelial tissue • Connective tissue • Muscle tissue • Nerve tissue

Nervous tissue: Internal communication • Brain, spinal cord, and nerves Muscle tissue: Contracts to cause movement • Muscles attached to bones (skeletal) • Muscles of heart (cardiac) • Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth) Epithelial tissue: Protects, secretes, absorbs, filters • Skin surface (epidermis) • Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs Connective tissue: Supports, protects, binds other tissues together • Bones • Tendons • Fat and other soft padding tissue Figure 4. 1

Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium) • Two main types (by location): 1. Covering and lining epithelia • On external and internal surfaces 2. Glandular epithelia • Secretory tissue in glands

Apical surface Basal surface Simple Apical surface Basal surface Stratified (a) Classification based on number of cell layers. Figure 4. 2 a

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar (b) Classification based on cell shape. Figure 4. 2 b

Endocrine gland

Unicellular Exocrine Glands • The only important unicellular gland is the goblet cell

Multicellular Exocrine Glands • Multicellular exocrine glands are composed of a duct and a secretory unit • Classified according to: • Duct type (simple or compound) • Structure of their secretory units (tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar)

Tubular secretory structure Simple duct structure Compound duct structure (duct does not branch) (duct branches) Simple tubular Simple branched tubular Example Compound tubular Intestinal glands Stomach (gastric) glands Duodenal glands of small intestine Simple alveolar Simple branched alveolar Compound alveolar Example No important example in humans Sebaceous (oil) glands Mammary glands Example Alveolar secretory structure Surface epithelium Duct Compound tubuloalveolar Example Salivary glands Secretory epithelium Figure 4. 5

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue § Cells have polarity ü ü Apical (upper, free) Basal (lower, attached) ØApical surfaces may bear • • Microvilli (e. g. , brush border of intestinal lining) Cilia (e. g. , lining of trachea)

Types of Cell Junctions

Types of Cell Junctions