Tissues Cellstissuesorganssystemorganism Tissues a group of cells working
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Tissues
Cells→tissues→organs→system→organism • Tissues: a group of cells working together to perform a specific function • 4 major types: 1)epithelial 2) connective 3) muscle 4) nervous
• Structure • Covers all body surfaces • Always has a free surface • Reproduces frequently • Tightly packed • Lack Blood vessels Epithelial • Function • Protection • Secretion • Absorption • Excretion • Sensory perception
Types of Epithelium • Simple Squamous: • Thin, flat cells that fit tightly together • Ex: capillaries, air sacs in the lung • Thin for diffusion
Types of Epithelium • Simple Cuboidal: • Single layer of cubeshaped cells • Ex: covering of the ovaries and lines the ducts of glands
Types of Epithelium • Simple Columnar: • Elongated cells making up a single layer; contain goblet cells • Ex: lining of stomach and intestines • Long and skinny for absorption
Types of Epithelium • Pseudostratified Columnar: • Appear to be layered, but they are not; commonly possess cilia and goblet cells • Ex: lining of respiratory airways and tubes of reproductive system of female
Types of Epithelium • Stratified Squamous: • Many layers of cells; continually reproducing to replace those that are lost • Ex: outer layers of skin, mouth, throat • protection
• Transitional: Types of Epithelium • Specialized to undergo changes in response to increased tension • Ex: lining of bladder and urinary system-provides expandable lining
• Structure: Connective Tissue • Most abundant type of tissue(by weight) • Contains intercellular material called matrix • Function: • Binding structures together; support; storing fat; protection • Cells that make up connective tissue: • 1 -fibroblasts-make fibers • 2 -mast cells-release heparin and histamine • 3 -macrophage-gobble stuff
Types of Connective Tissue • Adipose: • Stores fat within the cytoplasm of the cell; protects and cushions joints and organs; insulates • Ex: under skin; around heart and other organs
Types of Connective Tissue • Fibrous Connective: • Made of closely packed fibers that bind body parts together • Ex: tendons & ligaments
Types of Connective Tissue • Cartilage: • Rigid tissue that provides framework, protects, and forms models for developing bones; chondrocytes • Ex: ears, nose, and ends of bones
Types of Connective Tissue • Bone: • Very rigid tissue that serves as an internal support for body structure; matrix is made of Calcium/Phosphorus • Ex: femur, skull, patella
Types of Connective Tissue • Blood: • Liquid connective tissue that serves to transport substances through the body • Ex: ummm…blood
Muscle Tissue • Structure: • Contractile • Made of elongated cells called muscle fibers • When relaxed, long and thin, when contracted, short and fat • Function: • Provide for movement, posture, body heat, peristalsis(smooth muscle contraction), and heart beat
Types of Muscle Tissue • Skeletal: • Muscles that are attached to bones; controlled by conscious effort; contain striations(stripes) • Ex: biceps, trapezius
Types of Muscle Tissue • Smooth: • Muscles found in the walls of internal organs(stomach, intestines) and walls of blood vessels • Lack striations • involuntary
Types of Muscle Tissue • Cardiac: • Found only in heart • Dark, intermittent bars called intercalated discs • involuntary
• Structure: Nervous Tissue • Nerve cells are called neurons • Neuroglial cells bind and support neurons • Neurons do not undergo mitosis • Ex: sense organs, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves • Function: • Transmit nervous impulses
Neurons cannot be replaced…. Wear your seatbelt/helmet and be careful what you put into your body
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- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to
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