TISSUE The Living Fabric Four Types of Tissue

TISSUE The Living Fabric

Four Types of Tissue l. Epithelial (protection) l. Connective (support) l. Muscle (movement) l. Nervous (control)

Epithelial Tissue l. Covering & Lining Epithelium l. Glandular Epithelium

Classified by: l. Shape l. Number of Layers

Squamous Flattened and Scalelike

Cuboidal As tall as they are wide

Culumnar Tall, Column-Shaped

Arrangement l. Simple l. Stratified

Simple Squamous

Simple Columnar

Stratified Squamous

Pseudostratified Squamous

Functions of Epithelium l. Protection l. Absorption l. Secretion l. Sensory Functions

Features of Epithelium l. Cell Junctions are Tight l. Basement Membrane l. Avascular (no vessels) l. Highly Regenerative

Covering and Lining Epithelium

Location l. Endothelium: Simple, Reduces Friction (Vessels) l. Mucous Membranes: Line body cavities that are open to the exterior. (Mouth, Nose)

Location l. Cutaneous Membrane: Skin, Keratinized stratified squamous, dry membrane l. Serous Membrane: Moist, Closed ventral body cavities, Reduce friction

Glandular Epithelium l. Specialized for Secretion l. One or more epithelial cells l. Exocrine: Ducts (Saliva glands, Pancreas) l. Endocrine: Ductless, Directly into Extracellular Space (Hormones)

Connective Tissue

General Properties l. Most abundant and varied of all tissues l. Primary function: bind the other tissues or the body.

l. Matrix: Nonliving, extracellular material, separates cells of the tissue. l. Allows tissue to bear weight, tension, and endure abuses

l. Connective tissues develop from embryonic tissue known as MESENCHYME

CELLS l 1. Fibroblasts: produce fibers and carbs and protein constituents of matrix

l. Chondroblast: Cartilage l. Osteoblast: Bone l. Hemocytoblast: Blood

FIBERS l. Collagen –Most abundant –White fibers –Tough, inelastic

FIBERS l. Reticular –Finely branched –Composed of collagen –EX. Basement membrane, small blood vessels

FIBERS l. Elastic –Yellow fibers –Elastin (protein) –Ex. Skin, lungs, vessels

Types of C. T. l. Connective Tissue Proper l. Two subclasses:

l. Loose connective (areolar, adipose, reticular) l. Dense connective (Dense regular, Dense irregular, Elastic)

Dense regular connective

Elastic Cartilage

l. Cartilage: tough yet flexible, avascular –Chondrocytes –Perichondrium: well- vascularized dense irregular connective tissue membrane

l. Main Bone supporting tissue l. Compact bone & spongy bone l. Well supplied by blood vessels

Blood l. Blood and lymph are circulating connective tissues l. Red marrow-blood cells

Muscle Tissue l. Skeletal: Voluntary control, attached to bone.

l. Cardiac: Involuntary, Heart, branched cells joined end to end.

l. Smooth: Involuntary –Lining of organs, vessels

Nervous l. Functions –Receive stimuli –Transmit info –Control action of muscle and glands