Timeline of American Literature Puritanism 1600 1800 Narratives

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Timeline of American Literature

Timeline of American Literature

Puritanism • 1600 -1800 • Narratives that looked inward and expressed the connections between

Puritanism • 1600 -1800 • Narratives that looked inward and expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives – Private letters, diaries, essays, histories, sermons

Puritanism • Sought to “purify” the Church of England by reforming to the simpler

Puritanism • Sought to “purify” the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament • Saw religion as a personal, inner experience • Believed in original sin and “elect” who would be saved • Used a plain style of writing

Puritanism • Historical Events of Importance – First “American” colonies established – Salem Witch

Puritanism • Historical Events of Importance – First “American” colonies established – Salem Witch Trials

Age of Reason / Persuasion • 1750 -1800 • Rise of political/public writing •

Age of Reason / Persuasion • 1750 -1800 • Rise of political/public writing • Mostly comprised of philosophers and scientists – Documents, almanacs, pamphlets, speeches • Valued reason over faith • Assumed people were good, not evil

Age of Reason / Persuasion • Focus on persuasive writing – Intended to convince

Age of Reason / Persuasion • Focus on persuasive writing – Intended to convince citizens to join revolutionary causes • Most writing was political – Responses to the strained relationship with Great Britain and trying to break free to form a new government

Age of Reason / Persuasion • Historical Events of Importance – The Revolutionary War

Age of Reason / Persuasion • Historical Events of Importance – The Revolutionary War – The Constitution – The Bill of Rights – The Declaration of Independence

Romanticism • 1800 -1860 • SHIFTS – From faith in reason to faith in

Romanticism • 1800 -1860 • SHIFTS – From faith in reason to faith in the senses, feelings, and imagination – From interest in urban society to an interest in the rural and natural – From public, impersonal poetry to subjective poetry – From concern with the scientific and mundane to interest in the mysterious and finite

Romanticism • Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, the individual, and the imagination • Dark Romantics:

Romanticism • Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, the individual, and the imagination • Dark Romantics: Interested in the Medieval past, the supernatural, the mystical, the “gothic, ” and the exotic

Romanticism • Historical Events of Importance – Industrialization – War of 1812 – California

Romanticism • Historical Events of Importance – Industrialization – War of 1812 – California Gold Rush

Transcendentalism • 1840 -1860 • Developed as a protest against the general state of

Transcendentalism • 1840 -1860 • Developed as a protest against the general state of spirituality and, in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University • Core beliefs: – Inherent goodness of people – Inherent goodness of nature

Transcendentalism • The soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the

Transcendentalism • The soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains • Transcendentalists believe that society and its institutions (organized religion, political parties) ultimately corrupt the purity of the individual.

Transcendentalism • People are at their best when they are truly self-reliant and independent

Transcendentalism • People are at their best when they are truly self-reliant and independent – Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and blind conformity to tradition • Had their own Club! – The Transcendental Club • Published their own journal – “The Dial”

Transcendentalism • Historical Events of Importance – The Abolitionist Movement – The Utopian Movement

Transcendentalism • Historical Events of Importance – The Abolitionist Movement – The Utopian Movement – The Women’s Suffrage Movement

Realism/Naturalism • 1850 -1900 • Feelings of disillusionment • Common subjects: – Slums of

Realism/Naturalism • 1850 -1900 • Feelings of disillusionment • Common subjects: – Slums of rapidly growing cities – Factories replacing farmlands – Poor factory workers – Corrupt politicians

Realism/Naturalism • Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as

Realism/Naturalism • Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible – Regionalism • Sought to explain behavior – Psychologically – Socially

Realism/Naturalism • Historical Events of Importance – The Civil War – Reconstruction

Realism/Naturalism • Historical Events of Importance – The Civil War – Reconstruction

Modernism • 1900 -1950 • Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the

Modernism • 1900 -1950 • Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the “American Dream” • The independent, self reliant individual will triumph

Modernism • Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional •

Modernism • Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional • Interest in the inner workings of the human mind – Ex: Stream of Consciousness

Modernism • Historical Events of Importance – World War I – The Great Depression

Modernism • Historical Events of Importance – World War I – The Great Depression – World War II

Harlem Renaissance • 1920 -1940 • AKA: “The Jazz Age” and “The Roaring 20

Harlem Renaissance • 1920 -1940 • AKA: “The Jazz Age” and “The Roaring 20 s” • Black Cultural Movement in Harlem, New York

Harlem Renaissance • Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz • Lyrics from

Harlem Renaissance • Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz • Lyrics from the blues • Diction from the street talk of the ghettos • Other poetry used conventional lyrics

Harlem Renaissance • Historical Events of Importance – “The New Negro Movement” – Prohibition

Harlem Renaissance • Historical Events of Importance – “The New Negro Movement” – Prohibition

Contemporary • 1950 -present • AKA: Post-modernism • Influenced by studies of media, language,

Contemporary • 1950 -present • AKA: Post-modernism • Influenced by studies of media, language, and information technology • Sense that little is unique; culture endlessly duplicates and copies itself

Contemporary • New literary forms and techniques: – Works composed of only dialogue –

Contemporary • New literary forms and techniques: – Works composed of only dialogue – Combining fiction and non-fiction – Authors experimenting with the physical appearance of their work

Contemporary • Historical Events of Importance – Korean War – Vietnam War

Contemporary • Historical Events of Importance – Korean War – Vietnam War

Narratives Continuation of the Writing Process Narratives NarrativesNarratives Continuation of the Writing Process Narratives Narratives
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