Tilapia Aquaculture An Overview Selection of systems Ponds

Tilapia Aquaculture – An Overview: Selection of systems – Ponds, Tanks, Raceways, Cages Kevin Fitzsimmons University of Arizona, Professor World Aquaculture Society, Immediate Past-President American Tilapia Association, Sec. /Tres. Pablo Gonzalez Alanis Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Professor World Aquaculture Society, Student Liaison Program Coordinator, Aquaculture TIES Hermosillo, Son. Mexico Dec. 2, 2005

Tilapia aquaculture F Where will you grow your tilapia? F Legal restrictions? F Environmental restrictions? (cold, birds, discharge) F Water source (volume, quality, temperature) F Other uses of water (irrigation, hydroponics, recreation)

Tilapia in ponds F Extensive ponds

Semi-intensive ponds

Pond culture to crop irrigation

Tilapia production in outside ponds with shrimp in covered ponds

Fiberglass or concrete tanks?

Large concrete tanks?

Tilapia with hydroponics

Tilapia-shrimp polyculture farms (Eritrea)

Irrigation canals / extensive raceways

Semi-intensive Raceway Systems Raceways in Arizona Raceways in Mexico

Intensive Raceway Systems (Brasil)

Intensive RAS farms in buildings in cool climates (USA)

Intensive farms with recirculation in greenhouses (USA)

Multiple small cages Irrigation Reservoir, Arizona Taal Lake, Philippines Paulo Afonso Reservoir, Brasil

Other small cages Nile Delta, Egypt Shrimp Pond, Philippines Shrimp Pond, Thailand All tilapia farms have dogs, even cage farms

Large cage farms

Impacts of tilapia aquaculture F Exotic species that has been widely introduced F Effluents from cage farms may contribute to eutrophication F Methytestosterone used in sex-reversal F Attracts birds F Discharge from desert farms should be used for irrigation

For Sonora - Integration of aquaculture and agriculture F Water p. H reduced from 8. 3 to 8. 0 F Added 19. 7 kg/ha N to 45 kg/ha used in standard fertilization schedule.

Results - Integration of aquaculture and agriculture F Contributed 2. 6 kg/ha P to crop.

Plant height with Fish Effluent, Standard Fertilizer and Well Water

Technologies to reduce externalities (escapees) FFurther increase domestication FReduce survival rate of escapees FMore red skin varieties

Future global tilapia production