TI 2251 Psikologi Industri Keselamatan Kerja BehaviorBased Safety

TI 2251 - Psikologi Industri Keselamatan Kerja & Behavior-Based Safety

Pengantar • Ruang lingkup permasalahan – Statistik kecelakaan kerja (AS) • • Dampak finansial: 114 milyar dolar 3, 2 juta karyawan celaka (1993) Lebih dari 9000 pekerja meninggal dunia (1993) Prediksi – 3, 5 orang/1000 orang akan meninggal dunia karena kecelakaan terkait kerja – Dampak finansial 780. 000 USD/kematian. – Statistik di Indonesia?

Penyebab Kecelakaan • Dua kategori utama – Unsafe conditions – Unsafe acts • Faktor teknologi – Rancangan, pengoperasian, perawatan, dll • Human factors – Isu: Kenapa kecelakaan terjadi? – Faktor manusia dapat diperbaiki (untuk mencegah kecelakaan) – Faktor ini dapat berkontribusi secara tidak langsung atas unsafe conditions

Faktor Manusia • • Kecerdasan Penglihatan Koordinasi Kepribadian (personality) Kelelahan Pengalaman Risk acceptance

Psikologi Kecelakaan • Konsep accident proneness – Berdasarkan sejumlah studi – Kesimpulan - masih kontroversial • Teori Goals-Freedom-Alertness • Teori Adjustment-Stress • Behavior-Based Safety

Behavior Based Safety • BBS – Claimed to be an effective approach to preventing occupational injuries – Issues • • Responsibility on workers Potentially abused by managers Need for a more systematic approach A potential alternative, though warrants further studies

Behavior Based Safety • Key concepts – Employee participations – Understanding why certain (safety) behavior is (or is not) practiced – Can be used as a practical strategies for • • • Obtaining objective evidence of at-risk behaviors Defining barriers to safe behaviors Teaching ways to substitute safe for at-risk behaviors Holding people accountable to improve safe behaviors Demonstrate utility of BBS procedures

Behavior Based Safety • Basic BBS strategy – Watch language – Take advantage of the competence motive – Make feedback a positive experience – SMART goals – Elevate self- and response-efficacy – Sell outcome-expectancy with personal testimony – Theory and principles before procedures

Behavior Based Safety • BBS strategy – Use process measures of safety performance – Look beyond numbers – Build and maintain momentum

Conclusion • Importance of understanding safety at workplaces • Different potential approaches • Need to take into account – Engineering factors – Human factors • Behavior as a more recent approach to the personal aspects in improving safe acts