THREE COMMON METHODS OF DRAWING From Gesture to

THREE COMMON METHODS OF DRAWING From Gesture to Formal Realism – Best Practices

GESTURE EXPRESSIVE, LOOSE, INFORMAL, JUST CAPTURING THE ESSENCE OF AN OBJECT SHAPE TO FORM TO FIGURE HIDDEN SHAPES AND FORMS TRANSFORMED INTO “THE REAL” The De Honnecourt Method FORMAL OR CLASSICAL REALISM “Draw like da Vinci” The contour becomes the form through shading and value contrast.

GESTURE –EXPRESSIVE � Looser

CAPTURING THE ESSENCE OF THE SUBJECTS

RANDOM - IMPROMPTU OR DOODLE

GESTURE IS “SKETCHERLY” Gesture is also expressive and shows movement, energy and emotion.

WHEN GESTURE/EXPRESSIVE LINE DOES NOT SUIT ONE’S PURPOSES WHAT DOES WORK?

SHAPE TO FORM TO FIGURE Try this - Learn to draw perfect Circles, Spheres and then find the hidden Shapes and Forms to transform into “the Real”.

FIRST QUESTION: WHO WAS FIRST TO DRAW SHAPES? ? ?

THE ORIGINS OF ART AND MATH? ? ? http: //www. squidoo. com/squid 50

AGE OF THE NEAERTHAL Neanderthals lived in the Last Glacial age for a span of about 100, 000 years. B. C. There alternate Names and Spellings inlcuding: Neanderthaloid and Neandertal.

EARLY TRIBAL CULTURES UNDERSTOOD THE IMPORTANCE OF DRAWING AND MATH Oldest known use of The origins of mathematical thought lie in the concepts of number, magnitude, and form. Math: Modern studies of animal cognition have shown that these concepts are not unique to The Tally Sticks humans. Such concepts would have been part of everyday life in hunter-gatherer societies. The idea of the "number" concept evolving gradually over time is supported by the existence of languages which preserve the distinction between "one", "two", and "many", but not of numbers larger than two. The oldest known possibly mathematical object is the Lebombo bone, discovered in the Lebombo mountains of Swaziland dated to approximately 35, 000 BC. It consists of 29 distinct notches cut into a baboon's fibula. Also prehistoric artifacts discovered in Africa and France, dated between 35, 000 and 20, 000 years old Lebombo bone, from Swaziland circa 35, 000 BC suggest early attempts to quantify time.

SO WE COUNTED, AND COUNTED. Tally sticks from the Swiss Alps: Alpbeilen from Alp Blattiberg (Lauenen BE), 1786/1815. Front: name of entitled person, reverse: notches for cow rights. For this alp, there are 87 cow rights divided among 23 owners. � � � Alpbeilen from Alp Hinterschneit (Saanen BE), 1778 Alpbeilen from Alp Langenlauenen (Lauenen BE), 1754/1792/1823 Krapfentesseln and reconstructed matching tally ("Beitessel"). The notches indicate cow rights and both pieces (one held by the farmer, the other by the alp corporation) have to correspond for the tally to be valid. Box for beitesseln, 1766 Double tessel from Alp Blümatt (Turtmann VS), 1893

WE COUNTED NUMBERS… The Abacus was used in Babylon as early as 2400 BC. The abacus was also found in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Even the Aztecs had their own version. The Roman pocket abacus was the first portable calculating device, presumably invented to help tax collectors do math while on the go!

…WE COUNTED YEARS.

AS MATH DEVOLOPS SO DOES ART.

AND SO DOES GEOMETRY DEVELOP

GEOMETRY GROWS AND INFLUENCES ART SIGNIFICANTLY � � Early geometry The earliest recorded beginnings of geometry can be traced to early peoples, who discovered obtuse triangles in the ancient Indus Valley (see Harappan Mathematics), and ancient Babylonia (see Babylonian mathematics) from around 3000 BC. Early geometry was a collection of empirically discovered principles concerning lengths, angles, areas, and volumes, which were developed to meet some practical need in surveying, construction, astronomy, and various crafts.

HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION Until quite recently, the famous Harappan civilization of the Indus valley has been an enigma. Many questions still remain about the identity of the people who created this great ancient civilization. Stretching over a million and a half square kilometers, from the borders of Iran to east UP (or what is now considered partly Pakistan) and with some sites as far south as the Godavari valley, it was larger than ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia combined.

HARAPPAN RUINS

HARAPPAN CURRENCY

GEOMETRY CONTINUED TO DEVELOP

GEOMETRY’S GROWTH Egyptian geometry � Babylonian geometry � Greek geometry � Classical Greek geometry � ] Thales and Pythagoras Pythagorean theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 � Hellenistic geometry � Euclid � Archimedes � After Archimedes � Indian geometry � ee also: Indian mathematics � Vedic period � Classical period � Chinese geometry � �

Early forms of Geometry were developed and used in Ancient Egypt from about 3000 BC to ca 300 BC. �

EXAMPLES OF GEOMETRY FROM EGYPTIAN PAPYRUS

LATER GEOMETRY ADVANCES Pythagorean Intheorem mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem is a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle (right-angled triangle). In terms of areas, it states: In any right triangle, the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares whose sides are the two legs (the two sides that meet at a right angle). � http: //www. historyofinformation. com/index. php? category=Mathematics+%2 F+Logic

AND ADVANCED USES OF MATH TO CREATE

THE MIDDLE AGES The Middle Ages (adjectival form: medieval) is a period of European history from the 5 th century to the 15 th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern. By the 1, 300’s AD Architects had begun to reach a high point with the use of Math, specifically Geometry and Art.

The term "Middle Ages" first appears in Latin in the 15 th century and reflects the view that this period was a deviation from the path of classical learning, a path supposedly reconnected by Renaissance scholarship. The Early Middle Ages saw the continuation of trends set in Late Antiquity: depopulation, deurbanization, and increased barbarian invasion. North Africa and the Middle East, once part of the Eastern Roman Empire, became Islamic. Later in the period, the establishment of the feudal system allowed a return to systemic agriculture.

THE CRUSADES There was sustained urbanization in Northern and Western Europe. During the High Middle Ages (c. 1000– 1300), Christian-oriented art and architecture flourished and Crusades were mounted to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control.

The influence of the emerging nation-state was tempered by the ideal of an international Christendom. The codes of chivalry and courtly love set rules for proper behavior, while the Scholastic philosophers attempted to reconcile faith and reason.

Outstanding achievement in this period includes the Code of Justinian, the mathematics of Fibonacci and Oresme, the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres.

GIOTTO DI BONDONE 1266/7 – January 8, 1337), better known simply as Giotto, was an Italian painter and architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages. , Legend of St Joachim, Meeting at the Golden Gate,

LINEAR PERSPECTIVE � Linear perspective is a mathematical system for creating the illusion of space and distance on a flat surface. The system originated in Florence, Italy in the early 1400 s. � The artist and architect Brunelleschi demonstrated its principles, but another architect and writer, Leon Battista Alberti was first to write down rules of linear perspective for artists to follow. Leonardo da Vinci probably learned Alberti's system while serving as an apprentice to the artist Verrocchio in Florence. http: //www. mos. org/sln/Leonardo/Exp loring. Linear. Perspective. html

NOTRE-DAME DE REIMS CATHEDRAL Notre-Dame de Reims (Our Lady of Rheims) is the Roman Catholic cathedral of Reims, where the kings of France were once crowned. � � It replaces an older church, destroyed by a fire in 1211, which was built on the site of the basilica where Clovis was baptized by Saint Remi, bishop of Reims, in AD 496. That original structure had been erected on the site of the Roman baths. As the cathedral it remains the seat of the Archdiocese of Reims. A major site for tourism in the Champagne region, it accommodated half a million visitors in 2006

AWESOME!

THE NEXT, MOST CONSIDERABLE CONTRIBUTION TO THE INCORPORATION OF MATHEMETICS AND ART CAN PARTLY BE CREDITED TO Villard de Honnecourt

Villard de Honnecourt (Wilars dehonecort, fol. 1 v; Vilars de Honecourt, fol. 15 v) was a 13 th-century artist from Picardy in northern France. He is known to history only through a surviving portfolio of 33 sheets of parchment containing about 250 drawings dating from the 1220 s/1240 s. Villard De Honnecourt

GEOMETRY AND ART

AND FINALLY…

THE SHAPE TO FORM TO FIGURE METHOD The method, found in body of his work, he termed “Ars de geometria” – Art of Geometry to Artists. His work was published in paris in 1220 -1235 and features the geometric drawing method. His great variety of subjects (religious and secular figures suitable for sculpture, and architectural plans, elevations and details, ecclesiastical objects and mechanical devices, some with annotations), makes it difficult to determine its purpose. Other subjects such as animals and human figures also appear.

The de Honnecourt Method � Find the Hidden Geometric Shapes � Then draw the contour lines and erase as needed.

LATER OTHERS WOULD FOLLOW AND CARRY THE BALL FORWARD

PETER PAUL RUBENS (DUTCH PRONUNCIATION: [ˈRYBƏ(N)S]; 28 JUNE 1577 – 30 MAY 1640), � � Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish Baroque painter, and a proponent of an extravagant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. He is well-known for his Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects. Rubens was a classically educated humanist scholar, art collector, and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV, King of Spain, and Charles I, King of England.

RUBENS BELIEVD THAT A STUDY OF SHAPES AND FORMS IS IMPERATIVE - THEN YOU CAN DRAW ANYTHING!

RUBENS – A MASTER OF SHAPE AND FORM

AGAIN – ONE FIRST LEARNS TO DRAW PERFECT GEOMETRIC FIGURES, THEN LEARNS TO FIND THE HIDDEN SHAPES

DO YOU SEE THE HIDDEN SHAPES?

FORMAL OR CLASSICAL REALISM A STEP BY STEP APPROACH TO DRAWING

HOW DID DA VINCI DRAW? ? ?

STARTING FROM THE OUTLINE OR CONTOUR

A STEP BY STEP APPROACH

Rudy de Renya demonstrates A STEP BY STEP APPROACH –BEGIN WITH A CONTOUR DRAWING. Formal or Classical Realism

BUILDING UP EACH LAYER

STEP BY STEP – START WITH OUTLINE

LETS REVIEW

WHERE ARE WE TODAY?

GESTURE EXPRESSIVE, LOOSE, INFORMAL, JUST CAPTURING THE ESSENCE OF AN OBJECT SHAPE TO FORM TO FIGURE HIDDEN SHAPES AND FORMS TRANSFORMED INTO “THE REAL” The De Honnecout Method FORMAL OR CLASSICAL REALISM “Draw like Da Vinci” The contour becomes the form with shading and value contrast.