Those Who Can Teach 10 th Edition Kevin

Those Who Can, Teach 10 th Edition Kevin Ryan and James M. Cooper Chapter 9 What Is the History of American Education?

Themes in American Public Education Ø Ø Ø Local control Universal education Public education Comprehensive education Secular education Changing ideas of the basics Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2

Colonial Education New England Colonies - Town and district schools were first form of public schools. Ø Middle Colonies - Diverse population led to founding of private venture schools, many with earliest emphasis on vocational education. Ø Southern Colonies - Dispersed population and class distinctions contributed to a lack of formal education for many children, with private tutoring for the wealthy. Ø Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 3

Arguments For and Against Common Schools For Ø Ø Ø Democracy depended upon an educated populace A system of common schools would promote a common American culture Schooling would enhance opportunities and general prosperity Against Ø Some citizens would pay for schooling of others’ children Ø Common schooling would weaken cultural identities of diverse groups Ø Concerns over religious teachings in schools affected many diverse groups Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4

European Influences on American Public Education Froebel - Kindergarten Ø Pestalozzi - object lessons and sequencing of learning Ø Herbart - moral education Ø Montessori - Montessori methods Ø Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5

Progressive Education Principles Ø Ø Ø Ø The child should have freedom to develop naturally. Natural interest is the best motive for work. The teacher is a guide, not a taskmaster. A student’s development must be measured scientifically, not just by grades. Students’ general health and physical development require attention. The school and the home must work together to meet children’s needs. The progressive school should be a leader in trying new educational ideas. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6

Enrollment in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 7

Development of American Secondary Schools Ø Ø Ø Latin Grammar Schools English Grammar Schools Academies Public High Schools Comprehensive High Schools Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 8

History of School Desegregation Efforts 1954 - Brown v. Board of Education ruling Ø 1960 s - 1980 s - controversy over busing, “white flight” in big cities made desegregation difficult Ø 1971 - Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg ruling backed busing to hasten desegregation Ø 1990 s - present - reversal or end of many desegregation programs, resegregation in many areas, especially large cities Ø Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 9