Thoracic wall Skin Superficial fascia deep fascia Muscles

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Thoracic wall -Skin -Superficial fascia -deep fascia

Thoracic wall -Skin -Superficial fascia -deep fascia

Muscles of respiration: It includes muscles which are used in ordinary respiratory effort This

Muscles of respiration: It includes muscles which are used in ordinary respiratory effort This group includes 3 groups of muscles: 1 - 3 muscles which connect vertebral column to the ribs -Serratus posterior superior -Serratus posterior inferior -Levator costorum 2 - 3 groups of muscles which connect adjacent ribs: -External intercostal muscles (11 pairs) -Innermost intercostal 3 - The muscle which fill-in the thoracic outlet: the diaphragm which forms the thoraco-abdominal partition

Intercostal muscles: 1 - External intercostal muscle: Origin, insertion, direction 2 - Internal intercostal

Intercostal muscles: 1 - External intercostal muscle: Origin, insertion, direction 2 - Internal intercostal muscle: Origin, insertion, direction 3 - Innermost intercostal muscle + transversus thoracic Origin, insertion, direction Nerve supply and action 3 2 1

Respiratory Movement: A- Quite inspiration: During inspiration, movements of thoracic wall and diaphragm result

Respiratory Movement: A- Quite inspiration: During inspiration, movements of thoracic wall and diaphragm result in an increase in all diameters of the thorax: 1 - Vertical diameter: It is increased by contraction (descent) of the diaphragm 2 - Transverse diameter: Bucket-handle movements 3 - Anteroposterior diameter: Pump- handle movements B- Forced inspiration: more muscles are called in action; as muscles of head and neck and upper limb C- Quite expiration: elastic recoil D- Forced expiration: forcible contraction of muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Intercostal nerves: . They are the ventral rami of thoracic nerves. They are 11

Intercostal nerves: . They are the ventral rami of thoracic nerves. They are 11 pairs + subcostal nerves. 3 - 6 are called typical intercostal nerves. First, second and lower 5 intercostals are atypical intercostal nerves V AN

Intercostal arteries: Anterior intercostal arteries: -2 in each space except lower 2 spaces -

Intercostal arteries: Anterior intercostal arteries: -2 in each space except lower 2 spaces - They are branches of internal thoracic artery and musculophrenic artery Posterior intercostal arteries: - One in each space (11 in No) - They are branches of thoracic Aorta and costocervical trunk Thoracic Aorta V AN Internal thoracic artery

Interernal mammary artery: Originates from the 1 st part of subclavian artery Terminates at

Interernal mammary artery: Originates from the 1 st part of subclavian artery Terminates at the 6 th CC-------and gives musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries

Intercostal veins: Anterior intercostal veins -----internal thoracic vein Posterior intercostal veins: Rt-----azygos vein Lt----hemiazygos

Intercostal veins: Anterior intercostal veins -----internal thoracic vein Posterior intercostal veins: Rt-----azygos vein Lt----hemiazygos vein superior vena cava Hemiazygos vein Azygos vein V AN