Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Anatomy Thoracic Vertebrae n

Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Anatomy

Thoracic Vertebrae n n n n Bodies Pedicles Laminae Spinous Processes Transverse Processes Inferior & Superior Facets Distinguishing Feature – Costal Fovea § T 1 § T 2 -T 8 § T 9 -12

Thoracic Vertebrae and Rib Junction n Functions of Thoracic Spine – Costovertebral Joint – Costotransverse Joint n Motions – All available – Flexion and extension limited – T 7 -T 12

Lumbar Spine n n n Bodies Pedicles Laminae Transverse Process Spinous Process Articular Facets

Lumbar Spine n Thoracolumbar Fascia

Lumbar Spine Iliolumbar Ligaments n Functions of Lumbar Spine n – Resistance of anterior translation – Resisting Rotation – Weight Support – Motion

Intervertebral Disks Ratio between disk thickness and vertebral body height n Disk Composition n – Nucleus pulposis – Annulus Fibrosis

Spinal Ligaments n n n Anterior Longitudinal Posterior Longitudinal Ligamentum Flavum Interspinous Ligaments Supraspinous Ligaments Intertransverse Ligaments

Spinal Curves Posterior View n Sagittal View n – Primary – Secondary

Deep Muscles of the Back (Erector Spinae)

Iliocostalis n Iliocostalis lumborum n Iliocostalis Thoracis n Iliocostalis. Cervicis

Iliocostalis Lumborum n O n I n N n F – Common tendon origin in sacrum, iliac crest, lumber vertebrae – Lower borders ribs 6 -12 – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves – Bilateral § Spinal extension § Maintenance of erect posture § Stabilization of spine during flexion – Unilateral § Lateral flexion § Ipsilateral rotation

Iliocostalis Thoracis n O n I n N n F – Upper borders rib 6 -12 – Lower borders ribs 1 -6 – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves – Bilateral § Same as above – Unilateral § Same as above

Iliocostalis Cervicis n O – Angles ribs 1 -6 n I – C 4 -6 transverse processes n N – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves n F – Same as above

Longissimus n Longissimus Thoracis n Longissimus Cervicis n Longissimus Capitus

Longissimus Thoracis n O n I n N n F – Common tendon origin in sacrum, iliac crest, lumber vertebrae – T 1 -12 transverse processes – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves – Same as above

Longissimus Cervicis n O – T 1 -5 transverse processes n I – C 2 -6 transverse processes n N – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves n F – Same as above

Longissimus Capitus n O – T 1 -5 transverse processes – C 5 -7 articular processes n I – Posterior mastoid process n N – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves n F – Extends and rotates head

Spinalis n Spinalis Thoracis n Spinalis Cervicis n Spinalis Capitus

Spinalis Thoracis n O n I n N n F – Common tendon origin in sacrum, iliac crest, lumber vertebrae – T 3 -8 spinous processes – Dorsal rami pf spinal nerves – Same as above

Spinalis Cervicis n O – C 6 -T 12 spinous processes n I – C 2 spinous process n N – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves n F – Same as above

Spinalis Capitis n O – Spinous processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic n I – Between superiior and inferior nuchal line on occiput n N – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves n F – Same as above

Transversospinal Muscles n Semispinalis thoracis n Semispinalis Cervicis n Semispinalis Capitus

Semispinalis Thoracis n O – T 6 -10 transverse processes n I – C 6 – T 4 spinous processes n N – Sorsal rami of spinal nerves n F – Same as above

Semispinalis Cervicis n O – T 1 -T 6 spinous processes n I – C 2 -5 spinous processes n N – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves n F – Same as above

Semispinalis Capitis n O – C 4 -7 transverse processes – T 1 -7 vertebrae n I – Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occiput n N – Dorsal rami of spinal nerves n F – Same as above

Multifidus n O – Transverse processes C 4 -L 5 – Sacrum – PSIS n I – Spinous process of vert above origin n N – Spinal nerve roots n F – Extend and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Quadratus Lumborum n O n I n N n F – Iliolumbar Ligament – Iliac crest – Lower border 12 th rib – L 1 -L 4 transverse processes – ventral branches of T 12 and L 1 to L 4. – – Pelvis elevation Trunk extension Trunk lateral flexion Pulls down rib 12 to fix origin of diaphragm

Rotatores n O – Transverse processes from axis to sacrum n I – Laminae of vert above n N – Direct branches over spinal nerve roots n F – Spine extension – Rotation to opposite side