THOMSON Broadcast Media Solutions Digital Cinema Standards Dave

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Digital Cinema Standards Dave Bancroft Thomson Broadcast & Media Solutions IBC 2003 1

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Digital Cinema Standards • Questions deserving answers 1. What is “digital cinema”? 2. Why are standards needed? 3. Who are the players in the game and what are they up to? 2

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is Digital Cinema? Conventional Cinematography Laboratory Services (photo-chemical production) Conventional Cinema 3

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is Digital Cinema? Digital Cinematography Digital Cinema Digital Motion Picture Production Conventional Cinematography Laboratory Services Film (photo-chemical production) Scan Rec Conventional Cinema 4

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is Digital Cinema? Digital Cinematography Digital Cinema Digital Motion Picture Production Conventional Cinematography Film Scan Film Rec Conventional Cinema 5

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is Digital Cinema? Digital Cinematography Digital Cinema Digital Motion Picture Production 6

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is Digital Cinema? Digital Cinematography Digital Cinema Digital Motion Picture Production 7

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is Digital Cinema? Digital Cinematography (distribution/ exhibition) Digital Motion Picture Production Conventional Cinematography Film Scan Film Rec Conventional Cinema 8

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Why are standards needed? • 35 mm release print precedent – single standard - worldwide compatibility – unlike television ! • “worldwide digital 35 mm release print” ? – please, no 50 Hz / 60 Hz divide ! – please, no 23. 976 Hz or 59. 94 Hz – please, no drop frame! 9

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Who are the players? • Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) - DC 28 committee – due process standards-creation forum • Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI) – user input to standards process • European Digital Cinema Forum (EDCF) – user input to standards process – content & distribution alternatives • others? 10

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What are they doing? DCI SMPTE DC 28 ? EDCF user requirements 11

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions SMPTE DC 28 12

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is SMPTE Digital Cinema? Digital Cinematography (distribution/ exhibition) Digital Motion Picture Production Conventional Cinematography Digital Source Master (DSM) Film Scan Film Rec Conventional Cinema Digital Cinema Distribution Master (DCDM) 13

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is SMPTE Digital Cinema? Digital Cinema Distribution Master (DCDM) Digital Cinema (distribution/ exhibition) on Picture Conventional 14

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is SMPTE Digital Cinema? Digital Cinema Distribution Master (DCDM) Digital Distribution. Cinema Exhibition (distribution/ exhibition) on Picture Conventional 15

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What is SMPTE Digital Cinema? Mastering DCDM Distribution Exhibition 16

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions First-Round DC 28 Work Mastering DCDM (DTIM) Distribution Exhibition Compression Encryption Theater Systems Transport Projection Audio Colorimetry Packaging 17

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 1 st Round - DTIM versus DCDM • DTIM (digital theater interim master): – 1920 x 1080 – 4: 2: 2 – 1. 85: 1 and 2. 4: 1 aspect ratios – “wide” colour space – 24 p only (maybe 23. 98 p for post compatibility) • DCDM (Digital Cinema Distribution Master) – “embracing image parameters extending well beyond HD” 18

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions SMPTE DC 28 Redux 19

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions DC 28 Technology Committee Overview Ad Hoc Group Mastering DC 28. 10 DSM DCDM Subtitling Sub-pictures ad hoc groups Distribution DC 28. 20 Exhibition DC 28. 30 DCDM (DTIM) Compression Encryption Transport working groups Theater Systems Projection Audio mastering Audio DCDM-1 Encryption Key Management DTIM Packaging Link Encryption Sub-picture Segmentation Projector Interface Timed Text Proj. Luminance Colour Image Encoding Proj. Measurement 20

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions DTIM • For field trials, demos • Unification of techniques to allow “apples for apples” comparisons • NOT intended for the actual D-Cinema rollout 21

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions DCDM • Digital Cinema Distribution Master 22

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions DCDM-1 Container Common container principle Accommodating different aspect ratios - examples active pixels 23

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions DCDM-1 Container 2: 1 1. 85 2. 39 Storaro 2: 1 24

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions DCDM-1 Colorimetry • Wide colour gamut encoding/exchange primaries Y 1. 00 “gamut container” 0. 80 gamut of some real display 0. 60 y 0. 40 0. 20 0. 00 Z 0. 00 0. 20 0. 40 x X 0. 60 0. 80 1. 00 Encoding Primaries x y X 1. 0000 0. 0000 Y 0. 0000 1. 0000 Z 0. 0000 0. 000 Coding Code value = 4095*([L/P]1/2. 6) (12 bits per component) L = luminance value P = peak luminance 25

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions What are they doing? DCI SMPTE DC 28 ? EDCF user requirements 26

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI) • Represents studio input to SMPTE DC 28 process – DCI specification V 2. 0 (available on request) – further versions in pipeline • Seven Hollywood studios: – – – – Disney Fox MGM Paramount Sony Universal Warner Bros input from other parties • Content type - first run major feature movies 27

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions DCI Work Items • Resolution, colour space, other image issues • Image compression • Audio issues – more channels – accessibility options • Security issues • Desire for MXF-compliant packaging – current SMPTE DC 28. 20 ballots 28

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Example - DCI Image Compression • Test different algorithms, various source types – ASC film tests • 35 mm • 65 mm – separate digital cinematography test – CG content test • Open to anyone who wants to participate 29

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions EDCF DCI SMPTE DC 28 ? EDCF user requirements 30

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions EDCF • Technical Module (EDCF-T) • Commercial Module • Content Module 31

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions EDCF-T • General remit: – collect and consolidate user inputs to formal standards bodies – cover additional areas • alternative content • alternative screening conditions and venues 32

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions EDCF-T Service Levels • Multiple levels – present day TV up to SMPTE D-Cinema level – come to the EDCF-T meeting • IBC Conference Room O, Tuesday morning 0930 ! 33

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions EDCF DCI first-run major features SMPTE DC 28 ? EDCF user requirements alternative content, alternative venues 34

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Others? DCI SMPTE DC 28 ? EDCF user requirements 35

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Conclusion • Standardisation must embrace widely varying requirements of users – first-run major features/large-scale venues – alternative content/alternative venues • Partial, not total, congruence between European and North American perspectives • Major effort in SMPTE, with user input from DCI, EDCF and many others 36

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions Participation • SMPTE - http: //www. smpte. org – sign up as a participant or observer • physical or electronic participation – next meetings: Encino (LA) October 7 -8 • EDCF – – come to meeting tomorrow - 09: 30 Room O ! 37