THOMAS AQUINAS 1225 1274 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY THEOLOGY

THOMAS AQUINAS (1225 -1274) ¨ DISTINCTION BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY& THEOLOGY, NATURAL & SUPERNATURAL ENDS ¨ A SYNTHESIS OF THE PLATONICAUGUSTINIAN & THE ARISTOTELIAN POINTS OF VIEW ¨ PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENCE: ESSENTIALLY REALIST & CONCRETE

THOMAS AQUINAS PRINCIPLES OF CREATED BEING ¨ THE ONE & THE MANY, SUBSTANCE & ACCIDENTS ¨ ARISTOTLE’S HYLEMORPHISM, ACT & POTENCY, PRIME MATTER AS PURE POTENTIALITY REJECTS AUGUSTINE’S RATIONES SEMINALES & PLURALITY OF SUBSANTIAL FORMS IN THE COMPOSITE SUBSTANCE ¨ RELATION OF EXISTENCE TO ESSENCE ¨ IN THE HEART OF ALL FINITE BEING: CONTINGENCY/NON-NECESSITY GOD (NECESSARY BEING), SOURCE OF FINITE EXISTENCE

THOMAS AQUINAS PHIL. OF GOD: 5 WAYS TO GOD ¨ ANSELM’S ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT ¨ 5 WAYS TO GOD’S EXISTENCE: MOTION, EFFICIENT CAUSALITY, CONTINGENCY OF THE WORLD, DEGREES OF PERFECTION, FINAL CAUSALITY ¨ CENTRALITY OF THE 3 RD WAY OF PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF GOD ¨ LOGICAL BASIS: PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON

THOMAS AQUINAS METAPHYSICS ¨ ANALOGIA ENTIS: A WAY TO KNOW GOD’S NATURE AS A NECESSARY BEING; HOW CAN THE WORDS OF ANY HUMAN LANGUAGE BE AT ALL APPLICABLE TO THE DIVINE BEING ¨ DIFFICULTY WITH ANALOGY OF BEING ¨ DOCTRINE OF THE DIVINE IDEAS IN THE DIVINE INTELLIGENCE ¨ NO REAL DISTINCTION IN DIVINE ATTRIBUTES

THOMAS AQUINAS METAPHYSICS ¨ METAPYSICS OF PARTICIPATION ¨ GOD: IPSE ESSE SUBSISTENS; ACTUS PURUS = EXISTENCE ITSELF ¨ ALL CREATURES PARTICIPATE IN GOD’S EXISTENCE ACCORDING TO ITS LIMITED ESSENCE ¨ CREATION OUT NOTHING ¨ GOD’S FREE ACT OF CREATION OUT OF LOVE ¨ GOD’S OMNIPOTENCE & PROBLEM OF EVIL

THOMAS AQUINAS EPISTEMOLOGY ¨ CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIS EPISTEMOLOGY & HIS PHIL. OF MAN & PSYCHOLOGY ¨ ORIGIN OF HUMAN IDEAS & KNOWLEDGE: AQUINAS’ EMPIRICISM ¨ NO DIRECT KNOWLEDGE OF PARTICULARS ¨ THEORY OF ABSTRACTION ¨ THEORY OF JUDGMENT

THOMAS AQUINAS ETHICS ¨ NATURAL LAW ETHICS: (1) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND; (2) ARISTOTLE’S INFLUENCE; (3) BASIC IDEAS; (4) NATURAL LAW AS A MORAL LAW; (5) NATURAL LAW IN A CONCRETE SITUATION; (6) NATURAL LAW & THEONOMIC ETHICS; (6) NATURAL LAW & HUMAN RIGHTS; (7) EVALUATION ¨ ETHICS OF VIRTUE

THOMAS AQUINAS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ¨ ARISTOTLE’S INFLUENCE: A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BTW ETHICS & POLITICS; THE STATE IS NEEDED BY HUMAN NATURE ¨ RELIGION & STATE ¨ INDIVIDUAL CITIZEN & STATE ¨ MEANING, TYPE, AND FUNCTION OF LAW ¨ VARIOUS TYPES OF GOVERNMENT