This module covers the following 6 orders GALLIFORMES

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This module covers the following 6 orders: • GALLIFORMES — Fowl-like birds • ANSERIFORMES

This module covers the following 6 orders: • GALLIFORMES — Fowl-like birds • ANSERIFORMES — Waterfowl & Screamers

CHICKENS AND RELATIVES

CHICKENS AND RELATIVES

*ORDER GALLIFORMES — Fowl-like birds — 5 families; 258 species Range: worldwide Morphology/ecology: short-beaked,

*ORDER GALLIFORMES — Fowl-like birds — 5 families; 258 species Range: worldwide Morphology/ecology: short-beaked, terrestrial birds with short, rounded wings Behavior: most lay large clutches, precocial chicks; polygyny and lekking (group male display areas) is common Taxonomic notes: quite primitive unspecialized birds near the base of the tree of modern birds; this is group that Ken Dial used to test his new idea on the origin of flight Important families: *Phasianidae: pheasants, grouse, turkeys, peacocks *Odontophoridae: New world quails *Megapodidae: megapods or moundbuilders; eggs are buried and incubated by heat generated from composting (Australia and southern Asia)

Family Phasianidae: pheasants, turkeys & grouse -Some species highly cryptic, others highly elaborate males

Family Phasianidae: pheasants, turkeys & grouse -Some species highly cryptic, others highly elaborate males -Lekking mating system common -Chicks highly precocial Ocellated Turkey, Guatemala

- Lekking: Males defend display territories that do not have any resources. Females cruise

- Lekking: Males defend display territories that do not have any resources. Females cruise through to make their choice. Sharp-tailed grouse, British Columbia

Rock Ptarmigan, Canadian arctic

Rock Ptarmigan, Canadian arctic

Rock Ptarmigan live in treeless tundra — plumage color matters for crypsis

Rock Ptarmigan live in treeless tundra — plumage color matters for crypsis

molt has to happen very quickly as habitat changes color with snow m

molt has to happen very quickly as habitat changes color with snow m

female half way through molt

female half way through molt

new female breeding plumage that is exquisitely camouflaged against tundra

new female breeding plumage that is exquisitely camouflaged against tundra

rock ptarmigan nest with typical clutch size

rock ptarmigan nest with typical clutch size

Family Odontophoridae: New World quails - California quail = our state bird -Several species

Family Odontophoridae: New World quails - California quail = our state bird -Several species have crests, called plumes or ‘topknots’ -After precocial young hatch, often form social groups called coveys California Quail Photo by Mike Danziger

Family Megapodidae: moundbuilders -Australian family -only birds that do not use body heat to

Family Megapodidae: moundbuilders -Australian family -only birds that do not use body heat to incubate their eggs Australian Brush-Turkey

Unique incubation strategies in megapodes: -Compost -Geothermal Malleefowl mound where eggs are incubated

Unique incubation strategies in megapodes: -Compost -Geothermal Malleefowl mound where eggs are incubated

WATERFOWL Ruddy Duck, B. C.

WATERFOWL Ruddy Duck, B. C.

*ORDER ANSERIFORMES — Waterfowl & Screamers — 2 families; 161 species Range: worldwide Morphology/ecology:

*ORDER ANSERIFORMES — Waterfowl & Screamers — 2 families; 161 species Range: worldwide Morphology/ecology: ancient group of swimming waterbirds; bill broad, flattened, lamellate or slender, serrate (mergansers); feet palmate; variety of foraging modes (filter feeders, fish eaters, shellfish eaters) Behavior: large clutches of unspotted eggs, only females incubate; precocial chicks leave nest upon hatching; brood parasitism within and between species is very widespread Other notes: Screamers have two knife-like spurs on leading edge of each wing, also very extensive air sacs that crackle when pressed, soar high into air and call (hence name) Important families: *Anatidae: swans, geese, ducks Anhimidae: screamers (South America)

Family Anatidae: ducks, geese & swans Mallard, Santa Cruz

Family Anatidae: ducks, geese & swans Mallard, Santa Cruz

Common Eider, Quebec

Common Eider, Quebec

Common Eider nest

Common Eider nest

Barrow’s Goldeneye, B. C.

Barrow’s Goldeneye, B. C.

Adoption in Barrow’s Goldeneye

Adoption in Barrow’s Goldeneye

Interspecific nest parasitism Ruddy Duck Redhead

Interspecific nest parasitism Ruddy Duck Redhead

Black-headed Duck, Argentina

Black-headed Duck, Argentina

Black-headed Duckling in nest of Brown-hooded Gull

Black-headed Duckling in nest of Brown-hooded Gull

Magpie Geese, Australia

Magpie Geese, Australia

Family Anhimidae: screamers Southern Screamer, Argentina

Family Anhimidae: screamers Southern Screamer, Argentina

photo Mo Hassan

photo Mo Hassan

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