Third International Conference on Watermarks in Digital Collections

Third International Conference on Watermarks in Digital Collections In memory of Gerard van Thienen Paper Museum Terras de Santa Maria Paços de Brandão May 26 -27, 2016 Study of watermarks from paper factories in Tomar area Maria de São Luiz Carreira, Lisboa.

Study of watermarks from paper factories in Tomar area Watermarks Inventory Handwritten minutes of the Parliamentary Sessions (18211910). Portuguese Parliamentary Historical Archives • folios • endpapers • fragments Paper Provenance Date of use 1867 -1881

Paper factories along the Nabão River • Porto de Cavaleiros • Sobreirinho • Former cereal watermills • Bought by Bartolomeu Testa (Master Paper Making from Prado) • Adapted to produce paper • Prado • 12 th c. cereal mills belonging to the Templar Knights • 1710/1715. Lousã Paper Mill • 1823 Francisco Roure started paper production • Marianaia • Former watermills • 1839 Started paper production • By 1895 was the only unit along the Nabão River that kept its paper production exclusively handmade • Matrena • former watermills • 1900 – Started paper production

Paper Units along River Nabão, Tomar • Porto de Cavaleiros • Sobreirinho bought in 1882 • PRADO • Marianaia • Matrena 1875. Companhia de Papel do Prado, S. A. (Prado Karton) - Lousã Paper Factory - Marianaia and Sobreirinho Paper Factories, (Tomar) - Vale Maior Paper Factory (Albergaria-a-Velha)

Porto de Cavaleiros Fragments 110 mm Date of Use: after 1880 WM information: • Name of Paper Makers • Marino & Araujo • Quality: Almasso • 1 st • [Porto C] AVALLE [iros] • [Tho] MAR • Motif: Olive tree (branches) • WM Dimensions: • > 262 mm x 343 mm 112 mm 173 mm 150 mm

Porto de Cavaleiros …a possible reconstruction! PORTO C THO

Sobreirinho Date of Use: 1845 WM characteristics: • Motif: Harp • THOMAR • [18] 44 • Testa • Italian origin • Paper Master at Prado In 1882 bought by Prado; Ceased production shortly after

Prado, < 1844

Prado A “new” element: The crescent Use: Portuguese Parliament. Handwritten minutes (1876 -1881)

Prado WM Variations

Prado WM Variations Use: Endpaper Paper Mould. Prado, Thomar Display at Prado Paper Factory

Prado Paper Mould Display at Prado Paper Factory

Prado WM Use: Endpaper

Marianaia Display at Prado Paper Factory

Marianaia • The hight of letterforms are smaller • WM motif composition with and without crescent • The crescent is thinner (1 st quarter) • The word “Thomar” with more space between letters

Some considerations: The WM motif: Olive tree branches and the crescent • This motif appears also in the WM of other factories: • Renova (Torres Novas); • Porto de Mós • Agricultural country: Rich in olive tree plantations • Farmers would sow, prune and reap according to the moon calendar.

Our presentation is the beginning of a longer study Meanwhile We would like to add these WM to the Bernstein Database Thank you very much for your attention