THIRD EDITION HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH Dee

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THIRD EDITION HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph. D. Chapter 1

THIRD EDITION HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph. D. Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation by Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

About this Chapter • What is physiology? • A review of organ systems •

About this Chapter • What is physiology? • A review of organ systems • Evolution and integration from cell to human • The concept of homeostasis is introduced • Themes in Physiology • The science of Physiology • Experimental design • Data Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Levels of Organization • Physiology defined: • Study of the normal functioning of a

Levels of Organization • Physiology defined: • Study of the normal functioning of a living organism • Literally means ‘knowledge of nature’ • Organization of life • The cell is the unit of life • Cells, tissues, organ systems & organisms Figure 1 -1: Levels of organization and the related fields of study Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Just SOME of what Biochem students have to learn… (…and what professors have to

Just SOME of what Biochem students have to learn… (…and what professors have to make sound interesting) Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Organ Systems In Review • Circulatory • Digestive • Endocrine • Immune • Integumentary

Organ Systems In Review • Circulatory • Digestive • Endocrine • Immune • Integumentary • Musculoskeletal • Nervous • Reproductive • Urinary Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings Figure 1 -2: The integration between systems of the body

Concept Mapping • Structure and function • Integration across • Cells • Tissues •

Concept Mapping • Structure and function • Integration across • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Flow charts • Follow process • In sequence Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Concept Mapping Figure 1 -3: Maps for physiology Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. ,

Concept Mapping Figure 1 -3: Maps for physiology Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Evolution of Physiological Systems • Cell • Intracellular fluid • Extracellular fluid • Organism

Evolution of Physiological Systems • Cell • Intracellular fluid • Extracellular fluid • Organism • Protective cells • Exchange cells • External environment • Homeostasis Defined • Emergent properties Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings Figure 1 -4: The internal and external environments

Homeostasis & Controls • External or internal change • Loss of homeostasis • Physiological

Homeostasis & Controls • External or internal change • Loss of homeostasis • Physiological attempt to correct • Sensors, integrating center • Response of cells & organs Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Homeostasis & Controls • Successful compensation • Homeostasis reestablished • Failure to compensate •

Homeostasis & Controls • Successful compensation • Homeostasis reestablished • Failure to compensate • Pathophysiology • Illness • Death Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings Figure 1 -5: Homeostasis

Themes in Physiology • Homeostasis • Structure/function relationships • Integration of systems • Communication

Themes in Physiology • Homeostasis • Structure/function relationships • Integration of systems • Communication • Membranes & exchange • Energy • Mass balance • Mass flow & resistance Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings Figure 1 -7: Mass balance in the body

Scientific Inquiry & Knowledge • Observation & experimentation • Hypothesis • Variables • Independent

Scientific Inquiry & Knowledge • Observation & experimentation • Hypothesis • Variables • Independent • Dependant • Controls • Data • Replication • Theory • Models Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Human Experiments • Genetic variables • Placebo effect • Nocebo effect • Ethics Copyright©©

Human Experiments • Genetic variables • Placebo effect • Nocebo effect • Ethics Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Correlation does not equal Causation • 1. The Japanese eat very little fat and

Correlation does not equal Causation • 1. The Japanese eat very little fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • 2. The Mexicans eat a lot of fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • 3. The Chinese drink very little red wine and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • 4. The Italians drink a lot of red wine and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • 5. The Germans drink a lot of beers and eat lots of sausages and fats and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • CONCLUSION • Eat and drink what you like. Speaking English is apparently what kills you Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Formats of Experimental Design • Crossover study • Blind studies • Double-blind crossover studies

Formats of Experimental Design • Crossover study • Blind studies • Double-blind crossover studies Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Time Duration of Experiments • Longitudinal studies • Prospective studies • Cross sectional studies

Time Duration of Experiments • Longitudinal studies • Prospective studies • Cross sectional studies • Retrospective studies • Meta-analysis Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Medicine and Medical Devices in the US = A For-Profit Industry $$$ Copyright©© 2004

Medicine and Medical Devices in the US = A For-Profit Industry $$$ Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings

Summary • Organ systems • Structures & functions • The cell, the organism, the

Summary • Organ systems • Structures & functions • The cell, the organism, the outside environment • Homeostatic balancing • Review of themes: communication, energy, membranes, body compartments, flow and balance • Scientific inquiry- good science • Experimental designs • Representing the data Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings