THIRD EDITION HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH Dee
- Slides: 27
THIRD EDITION HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph. D. Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation by Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
About this Chapter • What is physiology? • A review of organ systems • Evolution and integration from cell to human • The concept of homeostasis is introduced • Themes in Physiology • The science of Physiology • Experimental design • Data Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Levels of Organization • Physiology defined: • Study of the normal functioning of a living organism • Literally means ‘knowledge of nature’ • Organization of life • The cell is the unit of life • Cells, tissues, organ systems & organisms Figure 1 -1: Levels of organization and the related fields of study Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Just SOME of what Biochem students have to learn… (…and what professors have to make sound interesting) Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Organ Systems In Review • Circulatory • Digestive • Endocrine • Immune • Integumentary • Musculoskeletal • Nervous • Reproductive • Urinary Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings Figure 1 -2: The integration between systems of the body
Concept Mapping • Structure and function • Integration across • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Flow charts • Follow process • In sequence Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Concept Mapping Figure 1 -3: Maps for physiology Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Evolution of Physiological Systems • Cell • Intracellular fluid • Extracellular fluid • Organism • Protective cells • Exchange cells • External environment • Homeostasis Defined • Emergent properties Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings Figure 1 -4: The internal and external environments
Homeostasis & Controls • External or internal change • Loss of homeostasis • Physiological attempt to correct • Sensors, integrating center • Response of cells & organs Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Homeostasis & Controls • Successful compensation • Homeostasis reestablished • Failure to compensate • Pathophysiology • Illness • Death Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings Figure 1 -5: Homeostasis
Themes in Physiology • Homeostasis • Structure/function relationships • Integration of systems • Communication • Membranes & exchange • Energy • Mass balance • Mass flow & resistance Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings Figure 1 -7: Mass balance in the body
Scientific Inquiry & Knowledge • Observation & experimentation • Hypothesis • Variables • Independent • Dependant • Controls • Data • Replication • Theory • Models Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Human Experiments • Genetic variables • Placebo effect • Nocebo effect • Ethics Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Correlation does not equal Causation • 1. The Japanese eat very little fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • 2. The Mexicans eat a lot of fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • 3. The Chinese drink very little red wine and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • 4. The Italians drink a lot of red wine and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • 5. The Germans drink a lot of beers and eat lots of sausages and fats and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British and Americans. • CONCLUSION • Eat and drink what you like. Speaking English is apparently what kills you Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Formats of Experimental Design • Crossover study • Blind studies • Double-blind crossover studies Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Time Duration of Experiments • Longitudinal studies • Prospective studies • Cross sectional studies • Retrospective studies • Meta-analysis Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Medicine and Medical Devices in the US = A For-Profit Industry $$$ Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
Summary • Organ systems • Structures & functions • The cell, the organism, the outside environment • Homeostatic balancing • Review of themes: communication, energy, membranes, body compartments, flow and balance • Scientific inquiry- good science • Experimental designs • Representing the data Copyright©© 2004 Pearson. Education, Inc. , publishingas as. Benjamin. Cummings
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