Third Declension Nouns Third Declensionistem Nouns How to

Third Declension Nouns Third Declension“i-stem” Nouns

How to tell the declension difference… Genitive Singular Ending… 1 st Declension: -ae puella, puellae, f. - girl 2 nd Declension: -ī puer, puerī, m. - boy bellum, bellī, n. - war 3 rd Declension: -ĭs frater, fratrĭs, m. – brother corpus, corporĭs, n. - body

Third Declension i-stems, Mas. or Fem. Category I: A) Nominative singular ending in –ēs or –is, and B) Nom. sing. has same number of syllables as Gen. sing. hostis, m. - enemy [miles, militis, m. – soldier] Category II: nominative singular ending in –ns or –rs mors, mortis, f. – death Category III: A) monosyllabic Nominative singular, and B) base ends in two consonants: nox, noctis, f. – night [rex, regis, m. – king] [In case you care, many Category II words also are Category III words!]

Third Declension M. /F. i-stem Nom. Gen. Dat. frater fratris fratri sororis sorori ignis igni Acc. Abl. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. fratrem fratres fratrum fratribus fratres fratribus sororem sorores sororum sororibus sorores sororibus ignem ignes ignium* ignibus ignes ignibus

Third Declension Neuter Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. tempus tempori tempus tempore tempora temporum temporibus tempora temporibus i-stem Neuters. (neu. nom. repeats in acc!) mare maris mari mare mari* maria* marium* maribus maria* maribus animalis animali* animalia* animalium* animalibus animalia* animalibus

Third Declension i-stems, Neuter nouns ending in –al or –e in the nominative (psssst: there are only two in the book, and here they are…) mare, maris, n. - sea animal, animalis, n. – animal (psssst: there are only two in the book, that’s it for neuter i-stems, that’s all there are!)

Third Declension i-stems Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Pl. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Masculine ignis igni ignem ignes ignium* ignibus ignes ignibus Feminine urbs urbi urbem urbes urbium* urbibus urbes urbibus Neuter mare maris mari mare mari* maria* marium* maribus maria* maribus

i-stems? ? • • • Anser, anseris, m. – goose Beneficium, -ī, n. – kindness Avis, avis, f. – bird Casus, -ūs, m. – fall, accident Fides, -ei, f. – faith, loyalty Frons, frontis, f. – forehead Fur, furis, m. – thief Hortus, -ī, m. – garden Ianua, -ae, f. – door Ars, artis, f. – art, skill

Word Study hostis, -is, m. v. inimicus, -i, m. as “enemy” hostis, -is, m. = an enemy of the state, a public enemy inimicus, -i, m. = a personal enemy Marcus et Quintus sunt inimici. Marcus and Quintus are enemies. (i. e. , they don’t like each other, but neither is a traitor. ) Romani pugnabant contra hostes in Galliā. The Romans were fighting against enemies/the enemy in Gaul. (i. e. , each is trying to overthrow the other’s government. )

Word Study hostis = an enemy of the state or a public enemy In English, “enemy” can be either a singular noun, or a collective noun. You, Caesar, are my enemy. The enemy is the Taliban. (The enemy are the Taliban. ) In Latin, translate hostis in the singular as “an enemy”. Es hostis patriae meae. = You are an enemy of my country. Brutus cum hoste laborabat. = Brutus was working with an enemy. In Latin, translate hostes in the plural as a collective, “the enemy”. Non amamus hostes. = We do not like the enemy. Brutus in castris hostium erat. = Brutus was in the camp of the enemy.

Oh, Canada… Neuter mare maris mari mare mari* maria* marium* maribus maria* maribus A MARI USQUE AD MARE

Oh, Canada… Neuter mare maris mari mare mari* Digby, Nova Scotia maria* marium* maribus maria* maribus A MARI USQUE AD MARE