Thinking Language and Intelligence Chapters 10 11 Thinking

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence Chapters 10 & 11

Thinking Concept – mental group based on shared similarities n We organize our thoughts into concept categories; Easy to make quick judgments. n Develop hierarchies for concepts. n Prototypes – best example n Example: Which is a chair? n

Thinking: Problem Solving Algorithm – math formula that guarantees a solution. n Heuristic – a general rule of thumb that increases our efficiency; not always correct n Insights – sudden realizations n

Thinking: Influences Fixation – Strategies that become mental sets; can interfere with diff. ways of thinking. (Functional fixation – extreme) n Conformation Bias – Unconscious; -Looking for evidence of truth. Think n Heuristics – Cause us to form habits n Overconfidence – More sure of ourselves n Framing – way information is worded; tilt our mental images n Belief perseverance – Tendency to stick to original beliefs n

Language n n n Phonemes – smallest units of sound Morphemes – smallest units of meaning Grammar – combination of morphemes and words; Psychology – rules for spoken language. Examples: Children learn grammar before reading; Some can speak languages they can not read or write Babbling Homework: Talking White http: //www. nykola. com/archives/000069. html

Intelligence Overview Intelligence – ability to learn from experience n Several theories (Gardner and Sternberg) n Alfred Binet (French) n Stanford-Binet Test n IQ (Intelligence Quotient) MA/Actual Age x 100 = IQ n