Think Pair Share Plato observes that a slave

Think, Pair, Share Plato observes that a slave boy even without education or prior experience can solve a maths problem with an intuitive idea of mathematics. What does Plato say this demonstrates? This demonstrates that the soul has all the knowledge from the world of the Forms and it is simply about remembering it.

Plato’s concept of the soul evaluation

Learning Outcomes • To be able to explain of Plato’s arguments for the existence of the soul. • To be able to critically analyse Plato's concepts of the soul. • To be able to evaluate your opinion on how successful Plato’s arguments are.

Plato – Dualism Recap Plato argued that the soul was the driver of the body. The force that animates the human being. The soul is the person’s identity, the body is more like the dwelling of the soul. The soul has form like characteristics e. g. Immortal, perfect, never changing. Noeton (episteme, knowledge) = dianoia, noesis logical, intelligence Horaton (doxa, opinion) = eikaskia, pistis illusion, belief Although the souls has three parts which seems Contradictory. Anamnesis = reasons we forget seeing forms.

Plato’s four arguments for the existence of a soul The Linguistic Argument: the fact that we use language about ourselves which suggests a distinction. I, we, me refers to an inner, separate reality. The Knowledge Argument: Somehow within the world of change we can understand universals which are not affected by time and space; e. g. we know the square root of 81 is 9. So there must be something within us that is equally unaffected by change that has the ability to grasp them. This is evidence that the soul pre-exists the body The Argument from Recollection: Because we know the universals we must have seen them before. Cycle of Opposites: We know things by their opposites. Death must come from life and life from death. This suggests a perpetual recycling of human souls from the realm of the living to the realm of the dead and back. (i. e. an endless chain of death and rebirth – theory of reincarnation).

Think, Pair, Share A: The Linguistic Argument B: The Knowledge Argument A: The Argument from Recollection B: Cycle of Opposites To be able to explain of Plato’s arguments for the existence of the soul.

Plato’s four arguments for the existence of a soul Draw a diagram to demonstrate each of Plato’s four arguments. 1) 2) 3) 4) To be able to explain of Plato’s arguments for the existence of the soul. Stretch yourself: In Plato’s Republic, he introduces the Myth of Er. What is the story and what is it trying to say? Top philosopher task: Research how Aristotle’s view are different to Plato’s on the soul.

Evaluation Strengths Stephen Evans: “…Plato offers a rational argument for the existence of another reality, which can be read off this world, even though not fully; this involves free choice. ” Magee: “The theory that there is another world than this…gives value and meaning to our present world. . . ” Weaknesses Brian Davis: • Not everything has an opposite. • The Linguistic Argument only shows that I am a thing distinct from my body. Peter Geach: • Rejects Plato’s view that Souls remember seeing Form’s as seeing is a process linked to the body. • Is learning really remembering? Is learning not a process?

Evaluation zig-zag Complete the zig-zag in your notes. Zig-zag from arguments that support and criticise Plato’s dualism. For Stretch yourself: To reach a better A 02 grade you must always link your arguments. E. g. However Davies would disagree with Plato because…. . For Against To be able to critically analyse Plato's concepts of the soul. Top philosopher task: Research and explain the terms: • Substance Dualism • Property Dualism

‘Evaluate Plato's arguments for the existence of the soul’ In your words, write a conclusion to this essay. Has he been successful? Write a A 01 paragraph. Stretch yourself task: Compare it to a materialist point of view. To be able to evaluate your opinion on how successful Plato’s arguments are.

Mini white boards Explain one argument Plato gives to support his dualism. Explain one criticism of Plato’s concept of the soul. What is your opinion of Plato’s concept of the soul? Give reasons.

Learning Outcomes • To be able to explain of Plato’s arguments for the existence of the soul. • To be able to critically analyse Plato's concepts of the soul. • To be able to evaluate your opinion on how successful Plato’s arguments are.