They look just like a mountain until they

They look just like a mountain. . . until they explode burying the country for miles around in hot ash and boiling lava. So, what is a volcano, and what causes them to be so destructive? A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust which allows magma, ash and gas to escapes from inside the Earth. As a result, the magma (lava) from the volcano may form a hill or mountain. Crust What is the Earth made of? Mantle Inner The Earth is made up of different layers. These are the crust, mantle, the core outer core and the inner core. The thin outer layer is called the crust. (It is solid rock. ) Underneath the crust there is a very thick, hot layer of liquid Outer rock, called the mantle. The Earth’s middle is called the core. It is hot, core runny metal on the outside and solid metal on the inside. The centre of the earth is the hottest part of our planet. The magma (liquid rock) The pressure from the How do volcanoes erupt? in the mantle bubbles heat builds up therefore and boils because of the producing ash and gas. heat from the The magma gathers in underground layers. the magma chamber. Finally, the lava is cooled and, as a result, hardens into volcanic rock. The magma explodes through the crater. When it reaches the surface, it is called lava. This pressure causes magma, ash and gas to force its way up through the vent.

Ash- small, fine particles of rock and glass created by a volcanic eruption. Crater- a deep hollow at the top of a volcano. Crust- the top layer of the Earth. Gas- a phase of matter with particles spreads out, so consequently fills the whole space it is in. Lava- melted rock that flows down the volcano. Liquid- a phases of matter that is runny and takes the shape of the bottom of the container it is held in. Magma- melted rock inside the Earth. Magma Chamber- a hollow in a volcano filled with gas-rich magma. Solid – a phrase of matter with particles close together. Its shape only changes with force. Vent- the channelway in a volcano where magma, ash and gas travels through to reach the surface.

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