Thesis Thursday Bellwork Create a thesis statement to

Thesis Thursday Bellwork • Create a thesis statement to respond to the following prompt on a half sheet of paper: • Compare and contrast the Greeks and Roman societies in terms of geography • Answer: Thesis activity • Correct Answer: Thesis activity

Objective • WWBAT: Complete discussion on Roman form of government • WWBAT: Introduce Augustus and changes brought about by his reign

Interactive Notebook Set Up • 10/20/2016 • Age of Augustus and Roman Achievements • This will be one page

Age of Augustus Roman Civil Service Roman Engineering Augustus’ Reform Roman Architecture PAX ROMANA

The Age of Augustus • Today we will be talking the rise of the first true Roman emperor • Born Gaius Octavius • Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus • Gaius Julius Caesar Divi Filius • Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus

The Age of Augustus • But we just called him Augustus when studying him in history

The Age of Augustus • Octavian came to power in 31 B. C. E. • Saw disorder and instability in the empire; believed that the empire had become too large for republican rule • Although he kept all power for himself, he won the support of the Senate by asking its advice, permitting it to run some of the provinces, and have its own treasury

The Age of Augustus • In 27 B. C. E. , the senators bestowed the title of “Augustus” on Octavian, a meaning “honored and majestic, ” and one formerly only bestowed on gods • From that point forward, Octavian became “Augustus Caesar, ” emperor of the entire Roman world

Augustus’ Reforms • Took control of the Roman army in order to abolish the tradition of dictator-generals • Granted citizenship to people in the provinces (led to increased loyalty) • Used army to control troublesome provinces; gave Senate control of peaceful ones

Augustus’ Reforms • Restored traditional Roman values: – Patriotism, close family ties, hard work, discipline, simple living – Banished his own daughter as punishment for her promiscuity! • Passed laws encouraging early marriage and raising large families • Helped the poor by providing free or low-cost grain • Sponsored public works projects: roads, buildings, water systems (improved life for Romans and provided jobs for those in need)

Augustus’ Reforms • Augustus made a huge effort to reestablish traditional Roman religious traditions • He restored temples, encouraged public sacrifices, and rituals • He was said to be part god and in 14 CE he was declared a god by the Senate when he died • Worship of emperors as a god became the norm in Rome

Pax Romana (We’re in the “C. E. s! No more backward counting!) “The Roman Peace” • Time of stability, expansion, power, and prosperity that lasted over 200 years • 27 B. C. E to 180 C. E. • Augustus died in 14 C. E.

Pax Romana This era of political and social stability, military dominance, and economic prosperity allowed Roman culture to flourish and spread throughout the Western world • • ART ARCHITECTURE LITERATURE DRAMA SCIENCE & MEDICINE ENTERTAINMENT & SPORT RELIGION & SPIRITUALITY LAW

The Roman Civil Service Rome’s first emperor, Augustus, created several systems to help himself rule the enormous Roman Empire Augustus set up a civil service with skilled and salaried workers to take care of the running of the Empire

The Roman Civil Service These bureaucrats helped oversee the Empire Kept track of such operations as grain production, the roads, mail delivery, and tax collection

Roman Engineering • To improve transportation and help unify distant parts of the Empire, Romans built highways. • By the year 100 C. E. over 250, 000 miles of roads connected the cities of the Roman empire. • These roads were made of heavy concrete blocks set in layers of crushed stones and pebbles • Like the Appian Way, the famous road pictured here, Roman roads were designed to last forever. • The extensive Roman system of roads and bridges made travel faster in the days of ancient Rome than it ever was again until the development of railroads in the 1800’s.

Roman Engineering • The Romans built the largest and longestlasting network of roads in the Ancient World • At the height of the Empire, Roman 50, 000 miles were paved and included 29 major highways

Roman Engineering At first, the roads were built to move soldiers quickly, but eventually the roads served many people for many purposes, especially as trade routes

Imperial Roman Road System

Roman Engineering One of the Romans’ greatest engineering feats was channeling water to their cities throughout the Empire Roman engineers built the aqueducts to move the cold, clear water from springs to towns; sometimes they would be up to 250 miles long

Roman Engineering Some Roman aqueducts are up and still in use today; one in Spain is 95 feet above the ground and 2388 feet long

Roman Architecture The Romans were tremendously skilled builders; They improved upon Greek designs with two new architectural features: arches and domes Also invented concrete which allowed for massive building projects

Roman Architecture ARCHES: these are curved structures over an opening that can support its own weight; arches were used to create enormous buildings like the Coliseum and the

Roman Architecture DOMES: they created vast open spaces and ceilings inside buildings (like the Pantheon) and magnificent exteriors

Roman Architecture The Romans built arenas (like the famous Coliseum in the city of Rome) so thousands of people could attend “circuses” (entertainments such as gladiator battles)

Roman Architecture What are three similarities between the Roman Coliseum and Mc. Kale Center?