THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER NOTES Objectives l l Students

THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER NOTES

Objectives l l Students will know how thermal energy is transferred (3 types) Students will give examples of each type of thermal energy transfer Students will know some characteristics of each type of thermal energy. Students will gain knowledge for experiments demonstrating each type of thermal energy transfer HEAT: The transfer of energy from high temperature to low temperature.

THERMAL ENERGY l l Total amount of energy in an object’s moving molecules. Heat--flow of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object

Definition of Temperature l l l The measure of the average motion of all the molecules and or atoms in an object. Freezing point. Celsius 0, Fahrenheit 32, Kelvin 273 Boiling point- Celsius 100, Fahrenheit 212, Kelvin 373

Specific Heat l l A measure of the relationship between heat and temperature change (How much energy does it take to get this thing hot? ) Conductor vs. Insulator Water has very high specific heat Metals have low specific heat

Types of Heat Transfer l l Conduction: transfer of thermal energy through matter which moves from warm to cold when objects touch Example: stove top, Hand on steel during cold weather, hands on hot chocolate mug

Convection: energy transfers by a moving fluid (liquid or gas) and needs matter to travel. Example: wind, ocean currents, steam from hot chocolate mug, Macaroni noodles rise and fall in boiling water. l

Radiation: thermal energy moving through space and does not require matter. Example: Warmth from a fire, light from the sun, electromagnetic spectrum l

Heat Transfer with a Fireplace l l l Conduction- Fast-moving particles in the fire transfer heat as they collide with slowmoving particles in the metal tools. Convection- When the air around the fire is heated, it becomes less dense than the cooler air nearby and rises. Radiation- The fire transforms chemical energy in the wood to electromagnetic energy, which radiates throughout the room.

REMEMBER l Energy always travels from an area of HIGH energy to LOW energy! (Heat flows from hot to cold objects)

Objects and Energy Flow Conductors Help energy move Examples: metals l Insulators slow down energy flow Examples: plastic, air, styrofoam l

Review l l Name three types of energy transfer. Define each type of energy transfer. Give examples of each type. Give example on helping and restricting energy. l l What benefit does understanding this information have in science? How can this help you understand your world around you?