Thermal energy temperature heat Different objects at the

Thermal energy, temperature & heat • Different objects at the same temperature can have different energies. • You may be used to thinking about thermal energy as heat, but they are not the same thing. • Temperature, thermal energy, and heat are closely related, but they are all different.

THERMAL ENERGY • The total energy of all of the particles in an object is called thermal energy. • The thermal energy of an object depends on the number of particles in the object, the temperature of the object and the arrangement of the particles.

HEAT • Thermal energy that is transferred from matter at a higher temperature to matter at a lower temperature is called heat. Or… • Heat is thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object.

SPECIFIC HEAT • The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. • Example: Notice when you walk on the waters edge in the sand, why is it that the sand is much hotter than the water? - Temperature does not rise at the same rate for all objects. - Specific heat is measured in joules per kilogram-kelvin (j/kg*k).

3 FORMS OF HEAT TRANSFER CONDUCTION- the transfer of energy through matter from particle to particle. For example, a spoon in a cup of hot soup becomes warmer because the heat from the soup is conducted along the spoon. Conduction is most effective in solids-but it can happen in fluids.

CONVECTION- the transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter. as the Heat leaves the pot on a stove currents of steam and air rise. Convection is the transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by movement of currents.

RADIATION- Electromagnetic waves that directly transport ENERGY through space. Sunlight is a form of radiation that is radiated through space to our planet without the aid of fluids or solids.

HEAT TRANSFER

CONDUCTORS & INSULATORS • A conductor transfers thermal energy well. An insulator does not transfer thermal energy well. • Conductors- metals such as silver and stainless steel, or tile floor • Insulators- wood, wool, straw and paper are good insulators. Blankets and clothes are good insulators because they slow the transfer of heat out of your body.