There are 2 ways of reporting what a

• There are 2 ways of reporting what a person has said: • a)Direct speech: We report people’s exact words. It is used in books, plays, novels. He says: ”You are late” • b)Indirect speech: We interpret other people´s words. It is used in conversations. He told me he was late.

• We have to change: A)the verb tenses B)the temporal clauses. C)Pronoms • You do not need to change the tense if the reporting verb is in the present, or if the original statement was about something that is still true, e. g. • He says he has missed the train but he'll catch the next one. • We explained that it is very difficult to find our house.

PRESENT SIMPLE---PAST SIMPLE • Simple present "I always drink coffee", she said • Simple past She said that she always drank coffee.

PAST SIMPLE---PAST PERFECT • Simple past "Bill arrived on Saturday", he said. • Past perfect He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday

PRESENT CONTINUOUS--PAST CONTINUOUS • Present continuous "I am reading a book", he explained. • Past continuous He explained that he was reading a book

PRESENT PERFECT---PAST PERFECT • Present perfect "I have been to Spain", he told me • Past perfect He told me that he had been to Spain

PAST PERFECT---PAST PERFECT • Past perfect "I had just turned out the light, " he explained. • Past perfect He explained that he had just turned out the light.

PAST CONTINUOUS---PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS • Past continuous "We were living in Paris", they told me. • Past perfect continuous They told me that they had been living in Paris.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS--PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS • Present perfect continuous They complained, "We have been waiting for hours". • Past perfect continuous They complained that they had been waiting for hours.

FUTURE---CONDITIONAL PRESENT • Future "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said • Present conditional He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS---CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS • Future continuous She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday". • Conditional continuous • She said that she would be using the car next Friday.

CAN---COULD • Can “I can swim” he said Could He said he could swim

MAY---MIGHT • May “You may come with us”: She said • Might • She said I might come with them

COULD---COULD • Could She said: ” I could read when I was 4” • Could She said she could read when he was 4

WOULD---WOULD Would • “I would go if I could” He said Would • He said he would go if he could

MUST---HAD TO • Must He ordered: “You must study at least 3 hours a day!” • Had to He ordered I had to study at least 3 hours a day”

MIGHT---MIGHT • Might He said: “I might go shopping” • Might He said he might go shopping