Therapy Psychoanalysis Based on Freud Through freeassociation dreams
Therapy
Psychoanalysis Based on Freud Through free-association, dreams, hypnosis etc. , therapist and patient can gain insight and express previously repressed feelings Lying on the couch stereotype
Psychodynamic therapy Also influenced by Freud Focus on themes across relationships, including childhood experiences
Humanistic Therapies Maslow and Rodgers Emphasizes people’s potential for self-growth Self-awareness and self-acceptance Focus on: Present and future (rather than past) Conscious thoughts (rather than unconscious) Taking responsibility Growth; “clients” instead of “patients”
Paraphrase Invite Clarification Reflect Feelings
Behavior Therapies Focuses on removing troubling symptoms Applies learning principles Classical Conditioning Counterconditioning Exposure therapies Systematic desensitization Virtual reality Aversive Conditioning
Operant conditioning Token economy Assertiveness training
Nonassertive Situation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B A C B C A B C B Aggressive A C B A B C A A C Assertive C B A C A B C B A
Cognitive Therapies Our thinking influences our feelings So to change our feelings…? Rational-Emotive therapy Disorders are the result of unreasonable or illogical beliefs and assumptions. By pointing out these inappropriate beliefs, therapists can get patients to alter their behaviors
Group and Family therapies Kinda like it sounds
Psychotherapy’s effectiveness Research Meta-Analysis Regression toward the mean
Alternative Therapies Eye-movement Bee stings Trepanation Light Exposure
Commonalities Among Therapies Hope Perspective Trusting, caring relationship
Drug Therapies Antipsychotic drugs Calmed patients Block dopamine receptor sites (an excess of dopamine is related to schizophrenia)
Antianxiety drugs Depress nervous system activity Xanax
Antidepressant drugs Increase serotonin (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil) Used to treat anxiety as well as depression Aerobic exercise is usually as effective Lithium Carbonate (Bipolar)
Brain Stimulation Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) Has brutal reputation but does work, especially in treating depression Results in seizures and short-term memory loss
Surgery Lobotomy
Prevention of Psychological Disorders Incidences of mental illness have been increasing. Is society to blame?
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