Theory of Evolution The SHORT version Natural Selection

Theory of Evolution (The SHORT version) Natural Selection Slide show by Kelly Riedell/Brookings Biology https: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a 5/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck. jpg/220 px-Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck. jpg http: //www. macroevolution. net/images/darwin-as-an-old-man-337 -450 -17. jpg

NATURAL VARIATION in all populations due to MUTATIONS http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evosite/evo 101/VADefining. Species. shtml

OVERPRODUCTION of OFFSPRING More offspring are produced than can survive. http: //www. biospheres. com/photogallery 2 ag/images/ladybugs_jpg. jpg http: //atthecreation. com/DEER/too. many. deer. jpg

STRUGGLE FOR EXISTANCE = COMPETITION http: //www. wasatchcomputers. net/gallery/elk_fight. jpg

ADAPTATION = Any inherited characteristic that increases organism’s chance of survival http: //www. atomtigerzoo. com/photos/images/20060421233733_duckfeet. jpg CAN BE PHYSICAL CAN BE BEHAVIORAL https: //www. colourbox. dk/vektor-4864486

NATURAL SELECTION = WINNERS “Survival of the Fittest” “Losers“ WINNERS “Losers“ Some organisms have a better chance of survival due to their variations than others. Those will survive and reproduce. Some will die. Image modified from: http: //static 9. depositphotos. com/1497380/1122/v/950/depositphotos_11222279 -stock-illustration-giraffe-cartoon. jpg

INDIVIDUALS DON’T CHANGE. POPULATION CHANGES. Over time the number of organisms with a beneficial mutation increases in the population. Image modified from: http: //static 9. depositphotos. com/1497380/1122/v/950/depositphotos_11222279 -stock-illustration-giraffe-cartoon. jpg

DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION each species has descended with changes from other species over time All living species are related to each other and all species, living and extinct, share a COMMON ANCESTOR

http: //www. cartoonstock. com/newscartoons/cartoonists/cga/lowres/cgan 170 l. jpg FITNESS = Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment https: //www. pinterest. com/pin/161425967871205889/

NOT ONE BEST WAY TO BE A trait that is favorable in one environment may be useless or harmful in another. https: //cdn. drawception. com/images/panels/2012/8 -26/SGLTRX 7 d. BP-2. png

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION: Artificial selection 1. ________ 2. ________ Fossil record Geographic Distribution 3. ________ Homologous structures 4. ________ 5. ________ Embryology DNA 6. ________ See Natural selection happen 7. ________

ARTIFICAL SELECTION WORKS If humans can select for traits they want and change populations, why wouldn’t it work if NATURE SELECTS ? BIOLOGY by Campbell and Reece Prentice Hall Publishing© 2005

http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Tiktaalik_BW. jpg FOSSILS SHOW CHANGE OVER TIME TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evosite/lines/IAtransitional. shtml

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES VESTIGIAL ORGANS show relatedness between organisms BIOLOGY by Campbell and Reece Prentice Hall Publishing© 2005 http: //www. txtwriter. com/backgrounders/Evolution/EVpage 12. html

EMBRYOLOGY Similarities in embryo development show relatedness between organisms. Image from: http: //calspace. ucsd. edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3. shtml

Similarities in protein sequences & DNA show relatedness Image from: Modern Biology by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston

EVOLUTION DIDN’T JUST HAPPEN MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO http: //www. hhmi. org/askascientist/images/hiv. gif http: //www. hipusa. com/e. Tools/webmd/A-Z_Encyclopedia/tuberculosis. jpg WE CAN STILL SEE EVOLUTION HAPPENING TODAY

Slide by Kim Foglia@www. biologyzone. com

MISCONCEPTION: Evolution DOES NOT INVOLVE “needing something” OR ‘trying’ to adapt. ” Nature selects for traits some individuals in population ALREADY HAVE http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evosite/evohome. htm

Either an individual has genes that are good enough to survive and reproduce, or it does not—but it can’t get the right genes by “trying. ” Nature is selecting for individuals that ALREADY HAVE THE GENE/TRAIT.

Image from: http: //www. newtonswindow. com/problem-solving. htm Misconceptions about Evolution FROM: http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evosite/evohome. htm

EVOLUTION DOESN’T EXPLAIN WHERE LIFE CAME FROM TO BEGIN WITH http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evosite/evohome. htm

Evolution is NOT like a climb up a ladder of progress toward some “BEST ORGANISM” Organisms just need to be “good enough” to fit the place they live

An organism CAN’T change into another organism” EX: Chimpanzees DIDN’T “turn into” humans Dinosaurs DIDN’T “turn into” birds. http: //s. hswstatic. com/gif/man-chimp-ape-1. jpg

https: //whyevolutionistrue. files. wordpress. com/2012/03/monkey. jpg? w=1000 Imagine you could “hold hands through time” You hold the hand of your parents, your parents hold the hands of their parents, and so on. You share characteristics with the ancestors in your family (parents, grandparents, . . . ) but you are not the same. Each generation has descended with changes from the previous generation. The farther back in time you go the more differences there are between you and that past ancestor. Somewhere back in time, chimps and humans SHARED A COMMON ANCESTOR. Sharing a common ancestor is NOT the same as turning into another organism.

MISCONCEPTION: “Evolution is ‘just’ a theory. ”

Evolution and religion are opposing ideas Newspapers and television sometimes make it seem as though evolution and religion are incompatible, but that is not true. Many religious people accept the reality of evolution and many religious denominations have issued statements that show acceptance. http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evosite/evohome. htm

2015 message from Pope What do different religions believe about evolution