Theories of Personality Power Point Presentation by Christopher
Theories of Personality Power Point Presentation by Christopher T. Arra, Ph. D. Northern Virginia Community College This presentation copyright Susan C. Cloninger. Some images are from "Holy Cow! 250, 000 Graphics, " by Macmillan Digital Publishing USA. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER TEN SKINNER AND STAATS: The Challenge of Behaviorism Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Chapter Overview RADICAL BEHAVIORISM: SKINNER Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study Ø The Evolutionary Context of Operant Behavior Ø The Rate of Responding Learning Principles Ø Reinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding Ø Punishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Responding Ø Additional Behavioral Techniques Schedules of Reinforcement Applications of Behavioral Techniques Ø Therapy Ø Education Radical Behaviorism and Personality Theory: Some Concerns Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Chapter Overview PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM: STAATS Reinforcement Basic Behavioral Repertoires Ø The Emotional-Motivational Repertoire Ø The Language-Cognitive Repertoire Ø The Sensory-Motor Repertoire Situations Psychological Adjustment The Nature-Nurture Question from the Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Chapter Overview Personality Assessment from a Behavioral Perspective The Act-Frequency Approach to Personality Measurement Contributions of Behaviorism to Personality Theory and Measurement Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Preview of Skinner’s and Staats’s Theory Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Radical Behaviorism: Skinner Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
B. F. Skinner • Burrhus Frederic Skinner born in 1904 in Pennsylvania • Inventor and writer as a youngster • Doctorate in Psychology from Harvard (1931) • Professorships at Minnesota, Indiana and Harvard • Died in 1990 of Leukemia Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study ØThe Evolutionary Context of Operant Behavior ØThe Rate of Responding Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
The Evolutionary Context Of Operant Behavior behavior selected by the environment Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
operant conditioning Definition: Mode of learning in which the frequency of responding is influenced by the consequences that are contingent upon a response Examples: bar-pressing in rats, reinforced by food smiling in a child, reinforced by parental approval Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
The Rate of Responding Skinner box Ø controls the environment operant response Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Learning Principles ØReinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding ØPunishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Responding ØAdditional Behavioral Techniques Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Reinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding positive reinforcer base rate primary reinforcer secondary reinforcer negative reinforcer Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Punishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Responding punishment: a stimulus contingent upon a response and that has the effect of decreasing the rate of responding extinction: reduction in the rate of responding when reinforcement ends Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Additional Behavioral Techniques shaping: reinforcement of successive approximations of behavior chaining: one response produces or alters some of the variables that control another response discrimination learning: learning to respond differentially, depending on environmental stimuli generalization: responding to stimuli that are similar to, but not identical to, the stimuli present during training Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement Øfixed ratio schedule (FR) Øvariable ratio schedule (VR) Øfixed interval schedule (FI) Øvariable interval schedule (VI) Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Applications of Behavioral Techniques Therapy Øbehavior modification Øfunctional analysis Øtoken economies Education Øteaching machines (programmed instruction) Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Radical Behaviorism and Personality Theory: Some Concerns Walden Two (Utopian community) unique human capacities (including language) freedom and dignity Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Psychological Behaviorism: Staats Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Reinforcement Time-out: a procedure or environment in which no reinforcements are given in an effort to extinguish unwanted behavior Example: removal of a disruptive child from a school class, to improve behavior Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Reinforcement based on emotion contrast with Skinner's radical empiricism contrast with Dollard and Miller's drive reduction Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Basic Behavioral Repertoires ØThe Emotional-Motivational Repertoire ØThe Language-Cognitive Repertoire ØThe Sensory-Motor Repertoire Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Basic Behavioral Repertoire Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Situations A-R-D theory ØA: affects and attitudes ØR: reinforcements ØD: direct behavior Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Psychological Adjustment depends on learning (basic behavioral repertoire) for example: Øemotions (phobias, depression, anxiety) Øsocial skills Øpositive self-concept Østandards for behavior (perfectionism) Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
The Nature-Nurture Question from the Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism intensive learning builds on nature biology can influence a person Øbefore learning Øduring learning Øafter learning Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Personality Assessment from a Behavioral Perspective Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
The Act-Frequency Approach to Personality Measurement Definition: measuring personality traits by assessing the frequency of prototypical behaviors Examples: affiliation needs assessed by frequency of choosing to work with friends dominance assessed by frequency of interrupting others Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Contributions of Behaviorism to Personality Theory and Measurement Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
Chapter Review RADICAL BEHAVIORISM: SKINNER • Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study • Learning Principles • Schedules of Reinforcement • Applications of Behavioral Techniques • Radical Behaviorism & Personality Theory: Some Concerns PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM: STAATS • Reinforcement • Basic Behavioral Repertoires • Situations • Psychological Adjustment • The Nature-Nurture Question from the Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism Personality Assessment from a Behavioral Perspective • The Act-Frequency Approach to Personality Measurement • Contributions of Behaviorism to Personality Theory & Measurement Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6 th ed. ) by Susan C. Cloninger (2013), published by Pearson. All rights reserved.
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