Theories of Personality Personality n A persons broad
Theories of Personality
Personality n A person’s broad long-lasting patterns of behavior
Psychoanalysis n n Developed by Sigmund Freud Analyzes one’s thoughts, feelings, and personal history to reveal unknown needs and concerns
Freud’s Life n n n His mom was 20 yrs. Younger than his dad He had 7 step-siblings from a previous marriage –one of which was older than his mother! Live w/ 9 kids, nephew, & parents They all shared 1 room 30 ft. X 30 ft. apt. above dad’s work
n n Dad’s business closed, moved away from hometown to a 1 room apt. that had been a jewish ghetto As an adult thought his mom was hot
Freud became a doctor n Changed to psychology n – 1. disliked blood – 2. thought patients probs. Were mental – 3. tried treating w/ cocaine (became an addict)
Details of Psychoanalysis n n n Personality is developed by age 6 (fixed & unchanging) Family conflicts & relationships create us Repression: hiding a memory in your unconscious (defense)
3 parts of the Brain Unconscious: we are unaware of it at all times but it affects us always n Sub-Conscious: we are not currently aware of it but can think of it when we try n Conscious: our current thoughts n
All behavior/thoughts are based on Food Aggression Sex
Map of the Mind n n n Id: animal instincts, basic needs & desires Superego: conscience, ideal moral self Ego: balances id & superego
The Ego
Freud’s 5 Stages of Development Name of Stage Oral Age Concerns Birth-1 ½ • Feeding=pleasure • Weening too early/late=probs. • Depend too much on others, rejecting others, sarcasm, eating disorders
Anal 1 ½- 2 ½ Focus= potty training Too lenient/harsh= prob. Excessively stingy/generous, irresponsible, rebellious or follow rules too closely
Phallic 2 ½- 6 2 Complexes… depending on your sex Oedipal (boys) Electra (girls) Lead to aggression, excessive anxiety, guilt, phobias, depression,
n n Boys secretly “want” their moms and want to kill their dads so they can take dad’s place and have sex with mom Act like the dad so mom will sleep w/ them
Electra Complex n Girls secretly “want” their dads, desire to kill mom so that they can take her place and have sex w/ dad
n AND …. girls secretly have…. penis envy n No picture available….
Latency 6 - Puberty No new Conflict Earlier issues are hidden in the unconsciou s
Genital Adolescenc Look for a e on spouse Childhood conflicts reappear and need to be addressed
Methods Used by Freud Free Association: say everything that comes to mind (unconscious uncensored) n Dream Analysis: Subconscious and unconscious thoughts to analyze n
Carl Jung n Thinks unconscious is a combination of religious/ethical beliefs that control human behavior n Neofreudian: less concerned w/ animal instincts
Archetypes Jung found that many themes were evident in all cultures of all time n These themes: archetypes n
We are controlled by archetypes= a collective unconscious n Ex. Nurturing mother, hero, wise old man n
Pple. Imitate archetypes and hide who they really are n Pple. Act diff. based on expectations (personas) n
Social Psychologists n n Karen Horney: : neo -Freudian, emphasizes social forces on the unconscious Coping w/ social stress is important
n n Need love, and isolation=sad/ anxious We try to avoid rejection so we go along w/things we don’t want to
Alfred Adler n n n Neo-freudian Pple. Try to feel important Pple. Try to dominate and control others
Behaviorism John Watson n Environment shapes personality n If we control environment we control personality n
B. F. Skinner Mom held face into the stove to show him hell n Poor people skills n
n n n All behavior = result of experiences You don’t choose anything Due to reinforcements
Albert Bandura Believes pple. Consider experiences buy make the final decision n Personality also from modeling behavior of others=learn from imitation n
Humanistic Theory n n Believes our biggest prob. =living up to our ideal selves Our environment ruins us We can get back on track Becoming your ideal self=fully functioning individual
Trait Theory n Group of personality theories that analyzes permanent characteristics regarding what one does/feels & thinks
Gordon Alport n Says 3 types of traits: – Cardinal Traits: affect everything a person does
Raymond Cattell n 2 categories of traits
Surface traits: can be easily observed n Source traits: underlie surface behavior n
Hans Eysenck n n n Based on 2 categories Extraversion/ introversion Emotional Stability/instability
5 -Factor Model 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness/self-discipline Emotional stability (diff. from Eysenck-happy feelings) Openness to experience
General Notes 5 factors are “permanent “ by early 20 s n Birth order does not affect personality n Environment 50% & Genetic 50% of personality n
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