Theories of Management Classical Behavioral Management Science Systems

Theories of Management Classical Behavioral Management Science Systems Theory Sociotechnical Theory Contingency Theory

I. Classical School (1850 -1920) Emphasized a rational, scientific approach to study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines Scientific Management Administrative /Bureaucratic Organizations

Scientific Management Develop a standard method for performing each job Select appropriate workers Train workers in standard method Plan work and eliminate interruptions Provide incentives for increased output.

Scientific Management Pioneers *Frederick W. Taylor: Father of Scientific Mgt. *Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: (Time & motion studies and many mgt. and HR techniques) *Henry Gantt: Gantt Charts

Administrative Principles *Henri Fayol: Father of Administrative Mgt. Principles of Management Five basic management functions – Planning, Organizing. Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling * Chester Barnard: Authority and Power * Mary Parker Follet: Human Relations

Bureaucratic Organizations *Max Weber: Father of Bureaucracy Clearly defined formal authority and responsibility

II. Behavioral Theory (1924 - ) *Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies and the Hawthorne Effect! *Abraham Maslow: Need Hierarchy *Douglas Mc. Gregor: Theory X and Y

Behavioral Science Approach application of social sciences Anthropology Economics Psychology Sociology Motivation Communication Leadership Group processes

III. Management Science (1940 -) Management information systems (MIS). Forecasting Inventory control Linear and nonlinear programming Queuing theory Scheduling Simulation Breakeven analysis

IV. Systems Theory (1950 s-) Inputs *Human resources *Financial resources *Physical resources *Informational Transformation Outputs * Products/services * Profits/losses * Employee satisfaction

V. Sociotechnical Theory (1950 s/1960 s-) Sociotechnical Systems (STS)

Contingency Theory (1960 s/1970 s-) Case View: “Every situation is unique” Universalist: “One best way” Contingency View: Organizational phenomena exist in logical patterns. Managers devise and apply similar responses to common types of problems

Comparing Theories