Theories of Management Classical Behavioral Management Science Systems
Theories of Management Classical Behavioral Management Science Systems Theory Sociotechnical Theory Contingency Theory
I. Classical School (1850 -1920) Emphasized a rational, scientific approach to study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines Scientific Management Administrative /Bureaucratic Organizations
Scientific Management Develop a standard method for performing each job Select appropriate workers Train workers in standard method Plan work and eliminate interruptions Provide incentives for increased output.
Scientific Management Pioneers *Frederick W. Taylor: Father of Scientific Mgt. *Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: (Time & motion studies and many mgt. and HR techniques) *Henry Gantt: Gantt Charts
Administrative Principles *Henri Fayol: Father of Administrative Mgt. Principles of Management Five basic management functions – Planning, Organizing. Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling * Chester Barnard: Authority and Power * Mary Parker Follet: Human Relations
Bureaucratic Organizations *Max Weber: Father of Bureaucracy Clearly defined formal authority and responsibility
II. Behavioral Theory (1924 - ) *Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies and the Hawthorne Effect! *Abraham Maslow: Need Hierarchy *Douglas Mc. Gregor: Theory X and Y
Behavioral Science Approach application of social sciences Anthropology Economics Psychology Sociology Motivation Communication Leadership Group processes
III. Management Science (1940 -) Management information systems (MIS). Forecasting Inventory control Linear and nonlinear programming Queuing theory Scheduling Simulation Breakeven analysis
IV. Systems Theory (1950 s-) Inputs *Human resources *Financial resources *Physical resources *Informational Transformation Outputs * Products/services * Profits/losses * Employee satisfaction
V. Sociotechnical Theory (1950 s/1960 s-) Sociotechnical Systems (STS)
Contingency Theory (1960 s/1970 s-) Case View: “Every situation is unique” Universalist: “One best way” Contingency View: Organizational phenomena exist in logical patterns. Managers devise and apply similar responses to common types of problems
Comparing Theories
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