Theories Learning Amanda Muscat Module 4 LAS 1047

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Theories Learning Amanda Muscat - Module 4 LAS 1047: Foundations of Online Teaching and

Theories Learning Amanda Muscat - Module 4 LAS 1047: Foundations of Online Teaching and Learning of

Scope The goal of any instructional system is to promote learning. (Anderson & Ally,

Scope The goal of any instructional system is to promote learning. (Anderson & Ally, 2008, p. 18)

Ideal Instructional Strategies o Learners should be motivated o Making it easier to process

Ideal Instructional Strategies o Learners should be motivated o Making it easier to process in depth information o Try to accommodate each individual o Encourage meaningful learning o Instigate communication and interaction o Simplify contextual learning o Give meaningful & constructive feedback o Provide continuous assistance

Behaviorism o Learner is passive & responds to external stimuli o Tabula Rasa –

Behaviorism o Learner is passive & responds to external stimuli o Tabula Rasa – the brain’s clean state which is then shaped through the positive/negative behavior o Learning is defined when there’s a change in the behavior o Pavlov’s dogs were used in the initial studies which were then applied to humans o Learners should be assessed to determine any achievements and should be given feedback to take corrective action if required.

Cognitivism o Learners are rational and require active involvement to learn so they are

Cognitivism o Learners are rational and require active involvement to learn so they are not just any ‘programmed creature’ o Actions taken and results are consequences of the learners’ thought process which need to be stored in their memory o Learning is an internal process which requires both short term & long term memory, thought, reflection, abstraction, motivation & metacognition. o Information should be broken down into sections or placed in mapping structures, so it could be linked with the previous information present in the long term memory and the learner will not be overloaded with information. o Information should be presented in different modes – verbal, textual, visual

Constructivism o Learner is active & constructs knowledge based on personal interpretations & environment

Constructivism o Learner is active & constructs knowledge based on personal interpretations & environment instead of acquiring it o Learner uses previous understandings & experiences o While the learner is at the center of the process, the educator is taking the role of a mentor just to simplify things o Learners should do meaningful activities such as creating a learning journal which will inspire both personal reflection and personal process of information. o Learners would be able to experience information first hand would then be able to contextualize it according to their personal reasoning.

Connectivism o Learners still need to be active while they would need to be

Connectivism o Learners still need to be active while they would need to be able to work in a networked environment o However learners do not have control on the learning processes since acquiring information can sometimes be overwhelming - one would need to continuously be updated and would also need to learn new things/unlearn old theories o Learners have to make sure that the content is reliable, accurate and truthful o Through the use of technology, learners would be able to communicate with others from around the globe o Acquiring knowledge in one field is not enough since learning needs to be multidisciplinary and some fields might intersect with each together.

Conclusion o Behaviorism teaches the WHAT [facts] o Cognitivism teaches the HOW [principles and

Conclusion o Behaviorism teaches the WHAT [facts] o Cognitivism teaches the HOW [principles and processes](how) o Constructivism teaches the PERSONAL [real-life and personal applications and contextual learning] o Connectivism should be used in conjunction with the other strategies for the development of online learning Online learning is not defined by the fact that it consists of digital resources or web links and media, but when online learners would be able to go through a number of given steps and would be able to finish the learning tasks together with achieving all the learning outcomes. (Ally, 2002; Ritchie & Hoffman, 1997).

References o Icons – https: //www. flaticon. com/ o Illustrations edited by Amanda Muscat

References o Icons – https: //www. flaticon. com/ o Illustrations edited by Amanda Muscat using https: //www. freepik. com/ & Adobe Illustrator o Anderson, T. , & Ally, M. (2008). Theory and Practice of Online Learning. Retrieved from http: //www. calvin. edu/~dsc 8/documents/Learning. Theory 2008 -Ally. pdf o Keesee, G. S. (2011, May 27). Teaching and Learning Resources / Learning Theories. Retrieved November 16, 2019, from http: //teachinglearningresources. pbworks. com/w/page/19919565/Learning%20 Theories o https: //explorable. com/ o https: //www. learning-theories. com/