Theoretical Perspectives What are theoretical foundations Theories that

Theoretical Perspectives

What are theoretical foundations? Theories that provide alternate interpretations of big ideas Different perspectives to view our “key concepts” (from last time) Depend on context In this instance – how do we explain how/why states seek power?

Theory 1: Realism View world in competitive terms Global politics dominated by states (rather than other orgs or actors) States act in own self-interest (national security) Theorist: John Mearsheimer ---- “Structural” Realism ◦ International system is anarchic ----- no credible power above the states ◦ States can’t be sure of other states’ intentions/ abilities

Theory 2: Liberalism More cooperative view of world Many actors influence outcomes (not just states, but also IGOs, MNCs, NGOs, individual actors, etc…. ) Primary concern is for justice, liberty, equality Theorist: Joseph Nye ◦ Soft power

Theory 3: Critical Theories Umbrella term for theories that critique 1+ major aspects of other theories, current world order, or ways of organizing life Ex: feminism, environmentalism, post-colonialism, Marxism Theorist: Antonio Gramsci (first ½ of 1900 s) ◦ Cultural hegemony: Ruling class rules over culturally diverse society, their ideas become “norm” & seen as good for everyone, even if only good for ppl in power

More on realism & liberalism Mearsheimer explains structural realism: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=RXll. Dh 6 r. D 18 (9) Joseph Nye’s TED Talk on global power shifts: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=796 Lf. Xwz. IUk (18)