Theoretical Foundations Chapter 1 Teaching and Learning With

Theoretical Foundations Chapter 1 Teaching and Learning With Technology Judy Lever-Duffy, Jean B. Mc. Donald

What is Educational Technology? “…any technology used by educators in support of the teaching and learning process. ” Lever-Duffy, p. 5

Why Study Educational Technology? n Professional Standards n ISTE’s NETS-T n n n Federally funded 2002 21 competencies for technology-literate educators Teaching Methods n Technology enhances and supports learning

Definitions Instructional Event – “includes all the teaching methods and learning experiences created to support the learning process. ” n Learning – “a transfer of knowledge…” n Theory – “an idea or concept that offers an explanation for observed phenomena. ” n Technology – “a means to an instructional end, not an end in itself. ” n

Learning as Communication cycle: Teacher sends Student receives Student returns feedback Three types of variables can interfere: n n n Environmental factors Psychological factors Personal filters

Perspectives of Learning Behaviorists n All behavior a response to external stimuli n Positive and negative reinforcement n Learning is a passive process n Ivan Pavlov n John Watson n B. F. Skinner

Perspectives of Learning Cognitivists n Learning is mental operation n Information sensed, manipulated, stored, used n Jerome Bruner n David Ausubel n Early Piaget

Perspectives of Learning Constructivists n Knowledge is a constructed element n Learning is a unique product for each individual based on experiences n New knowledge assimilated or accommodated n Jean Piaget §Lev Vygotsky §Albert Bandura n Seymour Papert §Howard Gardner n Robert Gagné

p. 11 Lever-Duffy 2 e

The Learner n Cognitive Styles n n n Learning Styles n n How one thinks Myers-Briggs (E-I, S-N, T-F, J-P) Auditory, visual, kinesthetic Intelligence n n IQ Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences p. 25

View of a Teacher “Teaching is a systematic, planned sequence of events that facilitates the communication of an idea, concept, or skill to a learner. ” n Each has own learning and cognitive style, and dominant intelligence n We teach in the way we like to learn, think, or do n

Holistic View of Teaching “…all of the elements of the [teaching and learning] process, from the learning environment to teaching strategies, to learning activities, to support technologies, interact in support of the learner. ” “…educational technologies cannot be selected or implemented until the teaching and learning process they support has been planned and detailed by an educator. ”

History of Educational Technology 1900 s – movies n 1920 s-30 s – slides, radio and records n 1940 s – overhead, simulator, audio for teaching foreign languages n 1950 s-60 s – television, programmed instruction n 1970 s - microcomputer n