Theology 1 Lecture Part VI Sin Jintae Kim

Theology (1) Lecture Part VI: Sin Jintae Kim, Ph. D Alliance Theological Seminary Nyack, NY 10960 (845) 770 -5762 E-mail: Jintae. kim@nyack. edu Website: http: //all 4 jesus. net

Chapter 21 The Nature and Source of Sin 죄의 속성과 근원 (187 -192)

Importance (1) Theology It affects and is also affected by many other areas of doctrine such as theology and soteriology. (2) Ministry It has a marked effect upon one’s view of the nature of ministry and the style in which one will conduct it. (3) Problems of society How do we deal with the problems of society?

The Difficulty of Discussing Sin

(1) Sin is not a pleasant subject. It depresses us and can hurt our selfimage. Therefore, positive thinkers are reluctant to discuss on sin. l 생각만 해도 인간의 마음을 불편하게 하고 인 간관에 해가 되는 주제라고 생각하기 때문에 긍정적인 사고를 강조하는 사람들은 죄에 대 해 언급하기를 싫어한다.

(2) People tend to blame the social structure or environment concerning the problem of evil rather than sinful nature on human being. 악의 문제에 관한 한 사람들은 그 근본 을 인간의 죄성에서 찾기보다는 사회구 조나 환경 탓으로 돌리는 경향이 있기 때문이다. l

Biblical Perspectives on the Nature of Sin (1) Sin is an inward inclination. l Sin is not merely wrong acts, but sinfulness as well (Matt 5: 21 -22, 27 -28). 범죄행위 뿐 아니라 죄성 자체를 말한다. l (2) Sin is rebelliousness and disobedience (Rom 2: 14 -15).

(3) Sin entails spiritual disability (Rom 1: 21, 28 -31; 12: 2) (4) Sin is incomplete fulfilment of God's standard (1 Sam 15: 23; Matt 6: 2, 5, 16). (5) Sin is displacement of God (Exod 20: 3; Mark 12: 30). 하나님을 하나님으로 여기지 않는 것, 하나님의 자리에 다른 것을 갖다 놓 는 것, 하나님을 알지 못하는 것.

The Sources of Sin l Various Conceptions l The Biblical Teaching

Various Conceptions on the Source of Sin

(1) Animal nature): Frederick R. Tennant Sin is simply persistence of normal instincts and patterns of behavior from our animal ancestry. Evolution. Deny the original sin. (2) Anxiety of Finiteness: l Reinhold Niebuhr, Albrecht Ritschl, Soren Kierkegaard

(3) Existential Estrangement: Paul Tillich (4) Economic Struggle: Marxism, Liberation Theology l James Cone, Gustavo Gutierrez l Structural contradiction (5) Individualism and Competitiveness: Harrison S. Elliott (Union Theological Seminary)

The Biblical Teaching on the Source of Sin

(1) Sin is not caused by God (Jam 1: 13). Responsibility for sin is placed squarely at the door of the individual (Jam 1: 14 -15). (2) Desires l Every human has a number of natural desires which, while good in and of themselves, are potential areas for temptation and sin (1 John 2: 16). l God gave the ability to control these desires. l Temptation of Jesus – Satan appealed to legitimate desires, but the suggested time and manner of fulfilment constituted the evil.

Chapter 22 The Results of Sin (193 -201)

Results Affecting the Relationship with God

(1) Divine disfavor (2) Guilt l It means the objective state of having violated God’s intention for humankind and thus being liable to punishment. (3) Punishment (4) Death: 3 aspects l Physical Death (Gen 3: 19) l Spiritual Death l Eternal Death

Effects on the Sinner Enslavement to sin (Rom 6: 17) l (2) Flight from Reality (Heb 9: 27) l (1) l (3) l (4) l (5) l (6) l (7) Denial of sin (Gen 3: 12) Self-deceit Insensitivity to conscience Self-centeredness Restlessness

Effects on the Relationship to Other Humans l (1) Competition l (2) Inability to Empathize l (3) Rejection of Authority l (4) Inability to Love

Chapter 23 The Magnitude of Sin (202 -211)

The Extent of Sin l All humans are sinners.

The OT Teaching l Gen 6: 5 -11 Noah’s generation. l l Gen 8: 21 Even after the flood l Ps 14: 1 -3; Ps 53; 1 Kings 8: 46 l Isa 53: 6

The NT Teaching l Rom 3 l Gal 3: 22 l 1 John 5: 19

The Intensiveness of Sin

The OT Teachings (1) The OT for the most part speaks of sins rather than of sinfulness, of sin as an act rather than as a state or disposition. Yet a distinction was drawn between sins on the basis of the motivation involved. (2) Sin is depicted as a spiritual sickness which afflicts the heart (Jer 17: 9; Ezek 11: 9; Ps 51)

The NT Teachings l The NT is clearer and more emphatic on these matters. Sin is very much a matter of he inward thoughts and intentions (Matt 5: 21 -22; 27 -28; Luke 6: 43 -45; Rom 7: 5; Eph 4: 18 -19; 2 Tim 3: 2 -5; Titus 1: 5; Rom 1: 18 -32). l l In every human being there is a strong inclination toward evil, an inclination with definite effects (Rom 7: 5, 23).

Right Understanding on Total Depravity

What total depravity is not (1) that the unregenerate person is totally insensitive in matters of conscience, of right and wrong (Rom 2: 14 -15) (2) that the sinful person is as sinful as one can possibly be. (3) that sinner engages in every possible form of sin.

What total depravity is (1) that sin is a matter of the entire person including body, mind, emotions, and will. (2) that even the unregenerate person’s altruism always contains an element of improper motive. (3) that sinners are completely unable to extricate themselves from their sinful condition.

Theories of Original Sin Pelagianism Arminianism Calvinism

Pelagianism (1) He was a moralist; his primary concern was for people to live good and decent lives. Thus, he laid heavy emphasis upon the idea of free will. (2) The soul, created by God specially for every person, is not tainted by any supposed corruption or guilt.

(3) Man has no congenital spiritual fault, Hence, baptism does not remove sin or guilt in infants, since there is none, although it may remove the sin of adults. (4) There is no need for a special working of God’s grace within the heart of each individual. Thus, he denied predestination and election. (5) Adam’s sin has no direct effect upon his descendents.

Arminianism (1) Men receive from Adam a corrupted nature. Thus, all humans are unable, without special divine help, to fulfil God’s spiritual commands, Thus, inability is physical and intellectual, but not volitional.

(2) Whatever culpability and condemnation may have accrued to us through Adam’s sin have been removed through prevenient grace, a universal benefit of the atoning work of Christ. (3) Therefore, men should choose salvation by their own will.

Calvinism (1) There is a definite connection Adam’s sin and all persons of all times. (2) Because all men participated in Adam’s sin, they all receive a corrupted nature along with a consequent inherited tendency toward sin. Thus, they are guilty of Adam’s sin.

Connection between Adam’s Sin and Humanity

(1) Federal Headship This view is related to the creationist view of the origin of the soul. Human receives his physical nature by inheritance from his parents, but the soul is specially created by God for each individual and united with the body at birth. l Thus, we were not present psychologically or spiritually in any of our ancestors, including Adam, but, bound by the covenant between God and Adam, we are treated as if we have actually and personally done what he as our representative did.

(2) Natural Headship l This approach is related to the traducianist view of the origin of the soul, according to which we receive our souls by transmission from our parents, just as we do our physical natures. So we were present in germinal or seminal form in our ancestors in a very real sense, we were there in Adam. His action was not merely that of one isolated individual, but of the entire human race.

Biblical and Contemporary Model – Erickson’s View l The key passage: Rom 5: 12 -19 l Death is the consequence of sin. Death originated in he human race because of Adam’s sin. Death is universal and the cause of this is he universal sin of mankind.

(1) We all were involved in Adam’s sin, and thus receive both the corrupted nature that was his after the fall, and the guilt and condemnation that attach to his sin. (2) With this matter of guilt, however, just as with the imputation of Christ’s righteousness, there must be some conscious and voluntary decision on our part.

l (3) Thus there is no condemnation until one reaches the age of responsibility. If a child dies before he or she is capable of making genuine moral decisions, there is only innocence, and the child will experience the same type of future existence with the Lord as will those who have reached the age of moral responsibility and had their sins forgiven as a result of accepting the offer of salvation based upon Christ’s atoning death.