Then Laocon rushes down eagerly from the heights

Then Laocoön rushes down eagerly from the heights of the citadel, to confront them all, a large crowd with him, and shouts from far off: ‘O unhappy citizens, what madness? Do you think the enemy’s sailed away? Or do you think any Greek gift’s free of treachery? Is that Ulysses’s reputation? Eithere are Greeks in hiding, concealed by the wood, or it’s been built as a machine to use against our walls, or spy on our homes, or fall on the city from above, or it hides some other trick: Trojans, don’t trust this horse. Whatever it is, I’m afraid of Greeks even those bearing gifts’. So saying he hurled his great spear, with extreme force, at the creature’s side, and into the frame of the curved belly. The spear stuck quivering, and at the womb’s reverberation the cavity rang hollow and gave out a groan. And if the gods’ fate, if our minds, had not been ill-omened, he’d have incited us to mar the Greeks hiding-place with steel : Troy would still stand: and you, high tower of Priam would remain. Virgil : The Aeneid Book II, Translated by A. S. Kline Andrea Appiani Head of Laocoon, about 1790 Indianapolis Museum of Art

In Aeneid , Virgil describes the circumstances of Laocoön's death: “ Ille simul manibus tendit divellere nodos perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno, clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit: qualis mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram taurus et incertam excussit cervice securim. " “With both his hands he labors at the knots; His holy fillets the blue venom blots; His roaring fills the flitting air around. Thus, when an ox receives a glancing wound, He breaks his bands, the fatal altar flies, And with loud bellowings breaks the yielding skies. " Daniel Biehl, Laocoon (Translation: John Dryden)

. ומצוי גם בציורי קיר בפומפי , מותם של לאוקואון ובניו תואר הרבה על אגרטלים יווניים "Laocoön, ostensibly sacrificing a bull to Neptune on behalf of the city (lines 201 ff. ), becomes himself the tragic victim, as the simile (lines 223– 24) makes clear. In some sense, his death must be symbolic of the city as a whole, " S. V. Tracy notes. According to the Hellenistic poet Euphorion of Chalcis, Laocoön is in fact punished for procreating upon holy ground sacred to Poseidon; only unlucky timing caused the Trojans to misinterpret his death as punishment for striking the Horse, which they bring into the city with disastrous consequences. The episode furnished the subject of Sophocles' lost tragedy, Laocoön. Etruscan engraved gem maybe with Laocoon and his sons. 4 th/3 rd century BC. Drawing by Michele Jatta showing the fragments of a mid-apulian crater in the national museum in Ruvo di Puglia, 380– 370 BC

Laocoön and his sons attacked by serpents sent by Athena. Fresco, Casa di Laocoonte, Pompeii, 1 st century AD, Naples, National Archaeological Museum Laocoön and his sons attacked by serpents sent by Athena. Fresco Pompeii, Casa del Menandro, atrium a, Laocoon , 1 st century AD

In his Natural History , the first century AD writer, Pliny the elder, praised the Laocoon as the most beautiful of all artworks in Rome (XXXVI, 37) "The Laocoon , which stands in the palace of the Emperor Titus [is] a work to be preferred to all that the arts of painting and sculpture have produced". Pliny also said that the sculpture stood in the palace of the emperor Titus. Since the rediscovery of the sculpture in 1506, artists have tried to imagine the Laocoon in its original surroundings, as in this painting done by Georges Paul Chedanne in 1895, which shows the sculpture in Nero's Golden House or Domus Aurea , rather than in the palace of Titus

Hubert Robert, The Finding of the Laocoön, 1773, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

Antonio Canova 's restoration with Montorsoli's right arm of the father and Cornacchini's right arm of the younger son Filippo Magi's restoration of the "Laocoon" with the father's right arm found by Pollak

Michelangelo, Study for Laocoon

. בפסלים רבים הידיים פשוטות עדיין כלפי מעלה. קיימים כיום העתקים רבים של הפסל בכל העולם Jean-Baptiste Tuby , Philibert Vigier and Jean Rousselet Laocoön and his sons, 1696, Château de Versailles

Giovanni Antonio da Brescia Laocoon and his sons, 1506 Düsseldorf, Kunstmuseum

Bowl 'The Laocoon' The Circle of Nicolo da Urbino Painter. Italy, Urbino. Between 1530 and 1535 State Hermitage Museum Dish. Laocoon Avelli da Rovigo, Francesco Xanto. Italy , Urbino. 1530 s State Hermitage Museum

Francesco Xanto Avelli da Rovigo, Laocoon, Maiolica Dish (coppa), Urbino, 1532 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Laocoon, Maiolica Dish (coppa), Urbino, c. 1530 -1545 , Castello Sforzesco di Milano

Anton Raphael Mengs Alessandro Allori, Laocoon and his sons, 1550.

Adriaen de Vries (c. 1556– 1626), Laocoon and his sons Drottningholm Castle, Sweden

ZUCCARO, Federico(? 1540 -1609), Taddeo Zuccaro Copying the Antique Statues in Rome, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Giulio Romano (pupil of) Laocoon Tries to Save his sons from the Sea Serpent, c. 1520

De Gourmont Jean, Laocoon

Lucio Massari Laocoon sculpture group, 1600,

François Perrier Death of Laocoon and His Sons The death of Laocoon and his son, 17 th century Italy , Late 16 th - early 17 th century Heliotrope ; intaglio. Diam. 3. 5 cm State Hermitage Museum

Marco Dente, Ancient bas-reliefs with Laocoon, ca. 1516– 20 (? ), The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Dente, Marco (da Ravenna) The Laocoon Before Restoration, 1520 s Victoria & Albert Museum, London F. Perrier, Laocoon and his sons , 1638. The Wellcome Library, London.

Titian's parody of the Laocoön as a group of apes. A woodcut, possibly after a drawing by Titian , parodied the sculpture by portraying three apes instead of humans. It has often been interpreted as a satire on the clumsiness of Bandinelli's copy, but it has also been suggested that it was a commentary on debates of the time about similarities between human and ape anatomy. Titian , Caricature of the Laoco on-group , 1543 -1545

The Florentine sculptor Baccio Bandinelli was commissioned to make a copy by Pope Leo X de' Medici. Bandinelli's version, which was often copied and distributed in small bronzes, is at the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. A bronze casting, made for François I at Fontainebleau from a mold taken from the original under the supervision of Primaticcio , is at the Musée du Louvre. Baccio Bandinelli, Laocoon , Marble, 1525, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Pieter Claesz. Soutman Laocoön and his sons being strangled by serpents, 17 th century Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux

The tragic nobility of this statue is one of themes in Gotthold Lessing's essay on literature and aesthetics , Laokoön , one of the early classics of art criticism. The furrowed brow and openmouthed pain would be copied by Bernini and Caravaggio in the seventeenth century.

Conrad Meyer, Laocoon, 1689 Charles Bell, Laocoon and the expression of pain The Wellcome Library, London

Giovanni Ambrogio Figino (c. 1551 -1608), The head of Laocoon, after the scuplture in the Vatican. Red and black chalk drawing. Accademia, Venice, Italy Studies Of Heads After The Laocoon

While visiting Rome between 1602 -03 and 160508, Rubens made some 15 drawings of the Laocoon , studying the muscular body of Laocoon himself, as well as the violent action and pathos expressed by the sculpture's figures. In a sketch of the back of Laocoon, Rubens studies the desperate struggle of Laocoon to free himself from the snakes. Rubens' version of the sculpture emphasizes the excitement and agitation of the figure, giving it even more movement and muscularity than is seen in the ancient sculpture. His sketch of the younger son is less a study of struggle than it is one of hopeless resignation. The young son is clearly not a match for the massive snake and Rubens emphasizes the figure's helplessness in this death struggle

Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Gallery of Views of Ancient Rome, 1758, Musée du Louvre, Paris

The original was seized and taken to Paris by Napoléon Bonaparte after his conquest of Italy in 1799, and installed in a place of honour in the Musée Napoléon at the Louvre , where it was one of the inspirations of neoclassicism in French art. Following the fall of Napoléon, it was returned by the British to the Vatican in 1816. Antoine Beranger, Etruscan-style vase: The entrance into Paris of the works destined for the Musee Napoleon (detail: The Laocoon). 1813. Musée National de Ceramique, Sevres, France.

Benjamin Zix, Salle de Laocoon, Paris, ca. 1800

Louis Ducros and Giovanni Volpato The Cortile del Belvedere with the Laocoön 1787 -92

Blake presents the sculpture as a mediocre copy of a lost Israelite original, describing it as "Jehovah & his two Sons Satan & Adam as they were copied from the Cherubim Of Solomons Temple by three Rhodians & applied to Natural Fact or History of Ilium. ” This reflects Blake's theory that the imitation of ancient Greek and Roman art was destructive to the creative imagination, and that Classical sculpture represented a banal naturalism in contrast to Judeo-Christian spiritual art. William Blake, Laocoon , 1826 -27

The Art Student's Guide to External Anatomy Encyclopédie, ou, Dictionnaire universel raisonné des connoissances humaines By Denis Diderot, Fortuné Barthélemy de Félice.

Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Sculpture Gallery in Rome at the Time of Agrippa

Francesco Hayez, Laocoon, 1812, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan, Italy

El Greco, Laokoön, 1610 , National Gallery of Art, Washington

In the background, a view of Toledo, as Troy, and the Trojan Horse. El Greco would have known the sculptured group in Rome, uncovered at the beginning of the sixteenth century, but more significantly he would have known the original story, which he has interpreted in an entirely independent way. This is the only known painting of classical subject matter by El Greco, and he does seem to give it a special spiritual meaning.

The horizontal format is uncharacteristic of his works in Spain, which become increasingly more elevated in composition and spirit. The essential verticality of the composition is made clear, however, by the high horizon and the upward movement of the flanking figures.

The view of Toledo appears to have been taken from the same view-point as that of the Metropolitan Museum painting, which it continues to the right, the two together completing the panorama of the town. The panoramic View and Plan of Toledo in the Museo de El Greco, Toledo, is taken from a different viewpoint. Recent cleaning has uncovered a third figure in the group on the right, which El Greco had overpainted. El Greco, View of Toledo, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

1909 parody of the Laocoon group, a satire on the problems caused by high cable rates between England (portrayed in the middle, probably as John Bull) and other parts of the British Empire: South Africa (left) and Australasia (right). The caption of the original reads: IN THE COILS [Among the most notable results of the Imperial Press Conference is the appointment of a Committee for the purpose of securing a reduction in cable-rates between the various parts of the Empire. ] Meyer, Henri, Laocoon-inspired French political satire of the alliance between Germany, Austria, Italy and the Ottoman Empire. Entitled "Le nez de la Triplice. " From Le Petit Journal, 25 October 1896.

F. Kontoglou, "Laocoon", 1938

Keith Theroit , Laocoon Leon Underwood, Laocoon, 1951

Roy Lichtenstein “Laocoön”, 1988

Bill Hubschmitt, Laocoon Guy Anderson, Laocoon, 1978

Dali, Laocoon Richard Russell, Laocoon , 2006

Ron Milewicz, Laocoon II, 2005 Wojciech Siudmak, Laocoon

Wallace Richard, Laocoon

Corrigan, Laocoon and Sons

. Tony Cragg, Kahzernarbeit Richard Deacon, Laocoon, 1996 Henry Moore Institute's exhibition 'Towards a New Laocoon

Etienne Bossut, Laocoon translucide, 2003 Etienne Bossut, Laocoon, 2003

Nikos Mantzios, Laocoon, 2010 Nikos Mantzios , 'Laocoon II',

Nikos Mantzios , 'Laocoon III', 2010 Nikos Mantzios , 'Laocoon IV', 2011

Nikos Mantzios , 'Laocoon V', 2011

: מקורות http: //he. wikipedia. org/Laocoon http: //www. artres. com/Laocoon http: //www. idcrome. org/laocoon http: //www. flickr. com/Laocoon http: //en. wikipedia. org/Laocoon http: //images. google. co. il/Laocoon http: //commons. wikimedia. org/Laocoon http: //www. artcyclopedia. com/Laocoon http: //www. mlahanas. de/Greeks/Arts/Laocoon 2. htm Music: Massenet / Elegie אסף פלר : עריכה liane lang, photograph of Laocoon

, שלום לך אני מזמין אותך לבקר באתר המצגות שלי ולהנות ממצגות נוספות אסף פלר , להתראות http: //assaffeller. com Parmigianino Study of Laocoon, 1530 s Devonshire Collection, Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, England